Department of Environmental Studies

TBA, Chair
106 Marshall Hall
315-470-6636; FAX 315-470-6915

• Department of Environmental Studies website
  

Department Faculty

DeBAISE (Environmental Writing), FELLEMAN (Environmental Decision Making, Environmental Information Policy), M. HALL (Urban Ecosystems), JAGER (Environmental Writing), LAWLER (Literature of Nature), MANNO (Sustainable Development, Ecological Economics), MEISNER (Environmental Thought and Communication), MORAN (Environmental Policy and Politics), NORDENSTAM (Environmental Risk Perception and Assessment, Environmental Policy and Policy Analysis), SENECAH (Environmental Interest Groups, Environmental Communication Processes), SMARDON (Landscape and Environmental Planning, Environmental Assessment/Administration, Wetland Assessment), WHITMORE (Environmental Writing)

Visiting Faculty

KEENAN (Cultural Ecology)

Supporting Faculty for Graduate Programs

CARTER (Community Planning and Design), DEMING (Landscape Design, History and Theory; Urban Design; Design Research), DOBLE (Community Planning and Design), ENDRENY (Hydrologic Modeling), C. HALL (Systems Ecology), HAWKS (Community Planning and GIS), JOHNSON (Environmental Chemistry), KROLL (Environmental Modeling), KUEHN (Recreation Management), LAUTZ (Watershed Hydrology), LIMBURG (Aquatic Ecology), LUZADIS (Natural Resource Policy), MALMSHEIMER (Natural and Environmental Resource Law), MITCHELL (Biogeochemistry, Nutrient Cycling), NAKATSUGAWA (Toxicology, Health Impacts of Chemicals), SCHUSTER (Recreation Planning), SHANNON (Urban Analysis and Design), STELLA (Stream Hydrology), WAGNER (Environmental Economics)

Adjunct Faculty

ABRAHAM (Public Health), BLISS (Water Resources), BRECHIN (Environmental Sociology), CONENA (Biology),  DeMOTT (ESF in the High School), DRIESEN (Environmental Law), DURKIN (Environmental Risk Assessment), EFFLER (Water Quality Modeling), EMERY (Research Geography), FERRANTE (Watershed Ecology and Management), GOLDSMITH (Environmental Law), HUNT (Environmental Health Effects), JABBOUR (Methodology/Honors Program), JACQUES (Native Studies), JOYAL (Environmental Law), KROEGER (Natural Resource Economics), KUSLER (Water and Wetland Policy), NOWAK (Urban Ecosystems), SAGE (Community Building), SHARLOW (ESF in the High School), WARNEKE (Administration and Planning), WOLFANGER (ESF in the High School)

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Bachelor of Science in Environmental Studies

To address environmental issues, we must first understand the problems that underlie them. Because those issues and problems exist at the interface of complex human and natural systems, understanding them requires the right synthesis of scientific, social, and cultural knowledge. Addressing those problems also requires scientific, social and cultural skills. The Environmental Studies program at SUNY-ESF offers students just those sorts of learning and skill-development opportunities in the context of a well-rounded, yet substantial, education.

The program has been carefully designed to provide students with as comprehensive an understanding of environmental affairs as is possible in an undergraduate education. That means learning about the scientific diagnosis of environmental issues and having enough scientific knowledge to work with scientists. It also means learning about the technological, social and cultural causes of those issues. Finally, it means understanding the diversity of approaches needed to treat the problems. In the pursuit of these objectives, we bring together philosophical, theoretical and practical perspectives on a wide range of environmental concerns. In this way, our program prepares students with the knowledge, skills and experience to work for a more ecologically sustainable and socially just world.

Because the environmental studies program is broadly multi-disciplinary as well as interdisciplinary, it provides students with a broad-based liberal education and asks them to be proficient across a breadth of scholarly and practical areas. Graduates of the environmental studies program have gone on to graduate school in many disciplines as well as to law and medical school. They have also proceeded to work in nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), education, government, and the private sector, pursuing careers in such areas as policy, advocacy, conservation, consulting, administration, law, and education to name just a few.

Guiding Principles

There are six principles that guide the design and implementation of the environmental studies program:

• holistic interdisciplinary education: We seek to offer our students an education that demonstrates the interconnectedness and integration of the many disciplines and fields that intersect with environmental concerns
• critical skills: We encourage our students to be active learners and prepare them with invaluable lifelong skills, including research, analysis, writing, and critical thinking.
• diversity and complexity: We encourage our students to recognize and value the diversity and complexity of ecological and social systems, and of the perspectives that inform society’s understanding of environmental affairs.
• ecological literacy: We seek to develop students’ awareness, knowledge, and appreciation of the intrinsic values of ecological processes and communities.
• justice and equity: We encourage students to value social and ecological justice and equity in all contexts.
• thoughtful professionalism: We seek to prepare our students to be reflective and sensitive, yet also effective and professional, in whatever endeavors they choose to pursue.

Program Description

In the first two years of the program students develop a foundation in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences as they relate to environmental affairs. During that time, students also fulfill SUNY general education requirements and take some open elective courses.

In the final two years of the program, students may choose to pursue one of three specializations: environmental communication and culture, environmental policy, or biological science applications. In each of these options, students have the flexibility to pursue more specific interests. Also, several undergraduate minors, including a minor in urban environments, are available.

Environmental Communication and Culture: This option focuses on the many ways that communication, broadly defined, intersects environmental affairs. These include activism, media, education, public participation, and conflict resolution. In addition, the option helps students explore the diversity of ways that environmental problems are understood, and ways that cultural meanings of nature are expressed, including through literature and the arts.

Environmental Policy: This option is concerned with how environ-mental policies are created, implemented and contested. It emphasizes legislative, regulatory, and collaborative approaches to environ-mental issues.

Biological Science Applications: This option is designed for students interested in the interface between biology and socio-economic issues. It provides an emphasis on biology with an eye to the interaction with societal issues ranging from education to habitat management.

In addition to traditional courses available through the core environmental studies curriculum and in the options, our program features the following:

• community engagement through service learning in a number of courses
• internships that provide valuable hands-on experience
• opportunities to study abroad for a semester

The scope and complexity of coursework within the environmental studies program demands both discipline and commitment from students seeking this degree. But the value of a broad education is widely acknowledged by educators and professionals. We hope that in offering this program we can prepare students not only to work in the diverse field of environmental protection, but also in any area that might interest them after graduation.

The undergraduate curriculum in environmental studies consists of two broad categories of courses. The first category, general education, provides students with knowledge and skills that are useful and important for all educated persons regardless of their profession. General education courses also help prepare students for advanced courses leading to a specific profession. The second category, professional courses, provides students with direct preparation for specialization in environmental studies and career opportunities.

Students may enter the bachelor of science program as first-year students or as transfer students. Students who are preparing to transfer to ESF as juniors must have earned at least 60 credits of college coursework, in courses comparable to the lower-division course requirements as noted below.

The following table outlines the specific course requirements for the degree in environmental studies. Please refer to the student handbook, available online at www.esf.edu/es, for details on how individual courses meet program requirements and for lists of courses that fulfill specific requirements.

Undergraduate Program Requirements

Lower Division Environmental Studies Core Courses (62-63 credits)

Courses                                                                                         Credits

EST	132	Orientation Seminar: Environmental Studies 1		1
APM APM	296 105	Precalculus OR Survey of Calculus and its Applications 2	G 3	4
APM	255	Computing Applications		3
CLL	190	Writing and the Environment	G	3
CLL	290	Writing, Humanities and the Environment	G	3
EFB	120	The Global Environment & the Evolution of Human Environment		3
EFB	226	General Botany	G	4
EFB GOL	285 106	Principles of Zoology 4 OR Environmental Geology		3-4
ESF	200	Information Literacy		1
EST	200	Cultural Ecology	G	3
EST	221	Introduction to American Government		3
EST	245	Nature and Popular Culture		3
FCH	150	General Chemistry I		3
FCH	151	General Chemistry Laboratory I		1
FOR	207	Introduction to Economics	G	3
		General Education Course: American History	G	3
		General Education Course: Western Civilization	G	3
		General Education Course: The Arts	G	3
		Electives 5		12-13

Upper Division Environmental Studies Core Courses (34-35 credits)

ESF	332	Seminar for New Transfer Students 6	0
APM	391	Introduction to Probability and Statistics	3
CLL	410	Writing for Environmental Professionals	3
EFB	320	General Ecology	4
EST	321	Government and the Environment	3
EST   EST	361   366	History of the American Environmental Movement OR Attitudes, Values and the Environment	3
EST EST	388 390	Psychological Principles of Risk Communication OR Social Processes and the Environment	3
		Upper Division Computing OR Natural Science Course	3-4
		Electives	9
		Senior Synthesis	3

Environmental Communication and Culture Option Requirements (27 credits)

CMN	393	Environmental Discourse	3
CMN	493	Environmental Communication Workshop	3
CRS	338	Communication in Organizations	3
		Environmental Communication and Culture Methods Courses 7	6
		Environmental Communication and Culture Option Courses7	12

Environmental Policy Option Requirements (27 credits)

EST	550	Environmental Impact Analysis OR Law Course	3
		Policy Methods Courses7	6
		Law Course7	3
		Environmental Policy Option Courses7	15

Biological Science Applications Option Requirements 8 (27 credits)

Microbes Course7	3
Plants Course7	3
Animals Course7	3
Geographic Information Systems course7	3
Policy or Law Course7	3
Biology Focus Area Courses7	12

Total minimum credits for the degree                                                               122-125 credits

Note: Total credits must include a minimum of 51 credit hours at the 300 level or above.

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Undergraduate Minors

Students who meet eligibility requirements may take one of three minors in business: marketing, entrepreneurship, or general manage-ment studies; or the minor in computer and information technology. The minors are composed of courses taught at ESF and at Syracuse University. To be eligible for admission to one of the minors offered in conjunction with Syracuse University’s School of Management, students must have a cumulative grade point average of 2.750 or better after one semester at ESF. To be eligible for admission to the minor in computer and information technology, students must have a cumulative grade point average of 2.800 or better after one semester at ESF.

In addition, ESF offers a campus-wide minor in urban environ-mental science that allows students to gain the ability to identify and analyze the biophysical and social aspects of urban environ-mental issues from a systems science perspective; develop awareness of how diverse social, cultural and urbanization forces influence human perception of, and relation to the environment; and develop the ability to synthesize efficient, equitable and sustainable management, policy and design strategies to improve and sustain the quality of life in the urban community. A complete description of minors available to ESF students is on page 9.

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Graduate Program in Environmental Science (GPES)

The graduate program in environmental science (GPES) offers M.S., M.P.S. and Ph.D. degrees. GPES was created in the early 1970s as a unique response to the emerging institutional and analytical challenges of developing environmental problems. The program, which draws upon faculty from throughout the college, emphasizes a multidisciplinary social and natural science approach to environmental understanding and stewardship. It maintains a strong academic orientation, facilitating student and faculty engagement of fundamental environmental challenges such as federalism, participatory democracy, the uses and limits of scientific prediction, risk and sustainability.

The mission of GPES is to provide interdisciplinary education, research and public service to foster effective environmental stewardship and to prepare students to address environmental concerns and problems comprehensively. The program provides for the following:

• Multidisciplinary approach: recognition of the necessity to approach environmental problems with input from several disciplines and professions
• Holistic perspective: awareness of and deference to the inter-dependence of elements within broadly defined ecosystems, including physical, biological, social and economic systems
• Topical grounding: competency to understand and apply the principles of a particular subject of environmental inquiry in sufficient depth to interact with other disciplines and professional fields
• Realistic experience: internships, focused projects, theses and seminars provide for direct interaction of legal, economic, political and social systems which underlie decision making

The program’s internal structure incorporates a common core that provides a broad policy-oriented foundation for the focused areas of study. Students applying to GPES must select which area of study they intend to pursue.

Requirements

The academic requirements of the graduate program in environ-mental science are designed to provide graduates with a sound preparation to meet the rapidly evolving challenges of the field as leading scholars and professionals. Programmatic requirements constitute a framework which includes a comprehensive core foundation emphasizing theory, issues and methods; extended knowledge within an area of study; and a synthesis experience.

Entering students should be adequately prepared to engage graduate level work in the program. The following undergraduate courses are pre- or co-requisites for all master's students: statistics, ecology and microeconomics or environmental economics. Courses in political science are strongly recommended.

In addition, students should have an academic background and/or work experience related to the selected area of study. Wherever possible, deficiencies should be made up prior to matriculation.

Master of Science

The master of science degree is designed as a three-year experience.

Core Requirements

A core of nine credit hours in applied social sciences is required. In addition, a total of six credit hours is required in research methods. Course options which satisfy these requirements are designated by the area of study faculty.

Area of Study Requirements

A minimum of 15 credit hours (excluding ENS 899) is required in the area of study, as determined by the major professor and area of study faculty. Area of study subcommittees maintain advising lists of courses pre-approved to satisfy the 15-credit area of study requirement. The student’s major professor or steering committee may designate additional courses. Five study areas are available to M.S. students: environmental policy and democratic processes, environmental and community land planning, environmental systems and risk manage-ment, water and wetland resource studies, and environmental communication and participatory processes.

Thesis Requirements

A minimum of six credit hours of research is required, resulting in a document that clearly demonstrates graduate-level accomplish-ments of the student, followed by a defense examination. Students must have an approved thesis proposal.

Master of Professional Studies

The master of professional studies degree is a 39-credit-hour experience aimed at professional applications of environmental knowledge.

Core Requirements

A total of 21 credit hours is required. These must include nine credit hours of applied social sciences in environmental policy and regulation, and democratic processes. In addition, a total of six credit hours is required in environmental science and six credit hours is required in methods courses emphasizing applications of technical knowledge.

Area of Study Requirements

A minimum of 12 credit hours of coursework is required in the chosen area of study, as determined by the major professor and study area faculty. Students select a study area at the time of application for admission into the program. Five study areas are available to M.P.S. students: environmental policy and democratic processes, environmental and community land planning, environmental systems and risk management, water and wetland resource studies, and environmental communication and participatory processes.

Synthesis Requirements

Students select either an internship for three to six credit hours or prepare a synthesis paper for three credit hours. All students must present a capstone seminar in their final semester. No terminal comprehensive examination is required.

Applicants with a minimum of three years of post-baccalaureate, full-time professional experience directly related to the intended area of study may apply for six credit hours of advanced standing in the program, reducing their degree requirements to 33 credit hours. Partial credit for experience cannot be awarded. When awarded for prior work experience, the six credit hours are applied toward the synthesis requirement.

Doctor of Philosophy

The Ph.D. program provides a unique opportunity to develop environmental policy-related research within a strong college community of environmental analysts and to draw upon the expertise of scholars at Syracuse University. All applicants are expected to have completed a master’s research thesis. A copy of the thesis abstract should accompany the application. In addition, entering students are required to complete the equivalent of the GPES master's core either from prior graduate study or coursework taken within the first year of residency.

Areas of Study

Environmental Communication and Participatory Processes (M.S., M.P.S., Ph.D.)

Participating Faculty: DeBAISE, KUEHN, LAWLER, MEISNER, SENECAH, WHITMORE

This study area addresses the communicative dynamics of the formation of attitudes. It includes decision making, public policy, public participation, campaign development, organizational effectiveness, and conflict prevention and resolution, which all hinge on the ability of participants to communicate and use information effectively, strategically and ethically. GPES students with this option will be prepared to enter diverse arenas of industry, non-government organizations and government structures well equipped to facilitate and participate in effective interactions among individual citizens, nongovernment organizations, publics, agencies, bureaucracies, scientists and others. They will have the skills and knowledge that will allow them to choose the more appropriate and effective process structures and strategies to reach objectives.

Environmental and Community Land Planning (M.S., M.P.S., Ph.D.)

Participating Faculty: CARTER, DEMING, DOBLE, M. HALL, HAWKS, SCHUSTER, SHANNON

Environmental and community land planning is concerned with orderly, efficient, equitable and aesthetic development of land with special concern for the state of the natural environment, the physical character of communities, and decision making at state, county and local levels of government. Planning balances competing demands on land and environment brought about by expanding urban and rural development, and enhancing viable natural and cultural resources is an important planning perspective. Another perspective involves the guiding of private and public development processes within a pluralistic political environment in order to promote sustainable communities while at the same time respecting fiscal, environmental and legal constraints.

The program is designed for students with social science, natural science, engineering or design backgrounds who are interested in an interdisciplinary and integrative program. Some students have majors in interdisciplinary programs in urban studies or environmental studies. Students develop an understanding and knowledge of development processes, natural systems and governmental planning and regulation. They develop a capacity to analyze environmental and community land planning problems and to form imaginative solutions. Skills obtained include preparation of land and environ-mental databases, plans, policies and implementation programs.

Environmental Systems and Risk Management (M.S., M.P.S., Ph.D.)

Participating Faculty: ENDRENY, C. HALL, JOHNSON, KROLL, LIMBURG, LUZADIS, MITCHELL, NAKATSUGAWA, NORDENSTAM

The environmental systems and risk management study area focuses on problems in environmental and natural resource policy in which scientific and technical issues are of central importance. The program is designed for graduate students with a science or engineering background. Current research includes spatial model construction, ecosystems modeling, development of model assessment and selection criteria, environmental risk assessment, use of technical information by regulatory agencies, land use forecasting for public policy decision making, and water resources assessment and planning. The environmental systems and risk management area of study provides a unique opportunity to study interdisciplinary problems. Specific coursework in environmental systems and risk management is supplemented by traditional disciplinary coursework in engineering or the natural sciences and policy analysis.

Environmental Policy and Democratic Processes (M.S., M.P.S.)

Participating Faculty: FELLEMAN, LUZADIS, MALMSHEIMER, MANNO, MEISNER, MORAN, NORDENSTAM, SENECAH, SMARDON, WAGNER

The environmental policy and democratic processes study area addresses problems of environmental decision making at a time of rapid institutional and social change. How our society can best meet the growing challenges of environmental stewardship through mandated and voluntary public participation in decision making is the central question. This concern is increasingly important to many segments of modern society, and we intend that students acquiring knowledge in this study area will be prepared to contribute positively to these processes in career pursuits.

The focus of this study area is on developing new understanding of public participation in environmental decision making, against the backdrop of environmental policymaking and program implementation. Particular attention is given to (a) the variety of organizationsinvolved in participation, which generally are the institutions and agencies of government, citizen-based non-governmental organizations and the business or industrial sector; (b) the availability and utility of environmental information for these groups; and (c) the participation and integration of all informed stakeholders into environmental decision making. This tripartite scheme of organizations, information and participation frames student programs of study, and suggests important directions for student and faculty research efforts.

The study area advances understanding of these questions of participatory democracy for environmental decision making through research and instruction, and is particularly suited to inquisitive students with degrees in environmental studies, political science, geography, engineering and other fields that provide inter-disciplinary backgrounds in natural and social science.

Water and Wetland Resource Studies (M.S., M.P.S., Ph.D.)

Participating Faculty: ENDRENY, KROLL, LIMBURG, LUTZ, MORAN, SMARDON, STELLA

The water and wetland resources area of study develops an under-standing of technical, social and institutional aspects of water resources management, mitigation and restoration. Individual students may emphasize scientific or social subject areas but all study in both areas. Scientific aspects include the basic physical, chemical and biological interactions occurring in water resources systems. The social aspects are concerned with planning, regulation, law and institutions and management of water and wetland resources.

Recommended coursework includes:

• physical sciences: civil engineering, geology, geomorphology, hydrology, meteorology, environmental engineering, soils, water chemistry, hydrogeology, hydrogeochemistry and geographic information systems;
• biological sciences: ecology, entomology, fisheries biology, forestry, microbiology, water quality and limnology; and
• social sciences: administration, economics, government, history, law, ethics, philosophy and policy.

Environmental and Natural Resources Policy (Ph.D.) www.esf.edu/enrp

Participating Faculty: FELLEMAN, GERMAIN, LUZADIS, MALMSHEIMER, MANNO, MORAN, NORDENSTAM, SENECAH, SMARDON, WAGNER

The environmental and natural resources policy Ph.D. program is a collaborative program offered by both the Department of Environ-mental Studies and the Department of Forest and Natural Resources Management. This study area investigates how societies formulate and implement decisions regarding environmental and natural resources. Doctoral students integrate the biophysical sciences and policy-related social sciences to solve important problems in environmental and natural resources policy with applications throughout the world. The program offers an opportunity to work with outstanding faculty members on applied and theoretical studies.

Faculty members conduct studies at international, national, state and local levels on sustainability, implementation and administration of environmental, natural resources, and forest management programs and economic and institutional influences and impacts of government and non-government policies. The applications include environmental, natural resources and forest policy and administration; and environmental, natural resources, forest and ecological economics.

The environmental and natural resources policy (ENRP) doctoral program is a highly individualized program with coursework and research determined in consultation with the student, major professor, and steering committee. Some coursework requirements may be met by transferring graduate credits as approved by the steering committee. Students may also fulfill coursework requirements by completing courses offered by the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University. Specific degree requirements are described in the Handbook for Environmental and Natural Resources Policy Ph.D., available in 320 Bray Hall, 107 Marshall Hall, and on the ENRP Web site.

Students are expected to complete requirements resulting in a coherent body of theory, a depth of understanding in a specified area of biophysical science, appropriate research methods, and advanced policy analysis and understanding.

The following four core competencies must be satisfied prior to the doctoral candidacy examination. A minimum of 12 credits is required in each area:

• Natural science: graduate courses (500 level or higher) in a definable area of biophysical science
• Policy-related social science: 600-level or higher courses including at least one government course and one economics course
• Research methods: 600-level or higher courses including a general research methods course (required), qualitative methods, quantitative statistical methods, GIS, or spatial statistics
• Advanced environmental and natural resources policy: 600-level or higher courses including policy analysis and program evaluation (required).

Graduates have careers as university professors and advanced policy or program analysts. They often become leaders in govern-ment, legislatures, corporations, not-for-profit organizations, advocacy groups and academic institutions, consulting firms and village associations throughout the world. 

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Certificate of Graduate Study in Environmental Decision Making

Purpose

The certificate of graduate study in environmental decision making is designed for graduate students enrolled in law, management, public administration, or information studies programs at Syracuse University. It provides an exposure to specialized environmental study that is relevant to students’ primary professional interests in the fields identified. Because students in each of these programs will engage important environmental policy, program implementation and decision-making processes in their professional efforts, the distinctive environmental orientation of this certificate program will help students to better understand some of the complexities of environ-mental decision making from their unique professional perspectives.

The focus of certificate study is on environmental decision making, which can be defined as the process by which stakeholders in environmental outcomes engage in communications to seek solutions to environmental problems. Familiarly, decision making can refer to environmental policy making by governmental institutions, but a meaningful understanding of the topic in today’s world will also include processes such as information acquisition and dissemin-ation and such notions as negotiation, mediation, information policy and public participation as part of the decision-making lexicon. The decision-making focus furthermore expands the scope of stakeholders to include not only the institutions and agencies of government, but also the large variety of citizen-based nongovernmental organi-zations and the business and industrial private sector.

Student Eligibility

Graduate students currently matriculated and in good academic standing in their law, management, public administration, or information studies degree programs at Syracuse University are eligible to apply for entrance into the certificate program. Applications from any other sources cannot be accepted at this time.

Administrative Procedures

Application and admissions procedures, compliance with college requirements for successful graduate study and the awarding of certificates are all administered by the SUNY-ESF dean of Instruction and Graduate Studies. If enrollment limitations are established, acceptances will be made on a rolling basis, according to the date of receipt of applications.

Student applications are made by completing the application form found in the advising guide. This provides contact information for applicants and verifies their matriculated status at Syracuse University. Upon completion of program credit-hour requirements, students file a certificate request form, which identifies completed coursework and initiates actions to produce official transcripts, leading to the award of the certificate.

Forms are available in the College’s Office of Instruction and Graduate Studies, 227 Bray Hall, and in the Department of Environmental Studies Office, 107 Marshall Hall. To assist certificate students in making suitable course selections and to answer related program questions, students should contact the department chairperson, 106 Marshall Hall.

Academic Advisement

Prospective students are encouraged to speak with their Syracuse University academic advisors about the advisability of and timing for entering this certificate program. Students might also wish to contact the following persons, who are knowledgeable of certificate goals and requirements:

• Law: Margery Connor, associate dean for student affairs
• Management: Clint Tankersley associate dean
• Public Administration: Christine Omolino, associate director
• Information Studies: Thomas Martin, professor

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   For students who enter as freshmen.
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   Students who pursue the biological science applications option need to complete APM 105 Survey of Calculus and its Applications.
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   Meets the requirements for general education skills and knowledge area. A complete listing of ESF or Syracuse University courses that meet general education standards established by SUNY is listed on page 8 and on the Internet at www.esf.edu/GenEd.pdf
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   Students who pursue the biological science applications option need to complete EFB 285 Principles of Zoology.
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   Students who pursue the biological science applications option need to complete FCH 152 and FCH 153 General Chemistry II and General Chemistry Laboratory II as one of these electives.
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   Only for students who enter as transfer students.
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   Lists of possible courses are available in the ES Student Handbook, online at www.esf.edu/es.
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   Please note the specific lower division required courses for students in the biological science applications option. See footnotes 2, 4 and 5 on previous page.