FOR-Forestry (Resources Management)
Course Descriptions

FOR 132. Orientation Seminar: Forestry (1)
One hour of lecture/discussion per week. Jointly taught by ESF Student Affairs staff and faculty in forestry. Student Affairs provides an introduction to ESF and to skills necessary for success. The faculty member briefly describes forestry, what it is, what foresters do, the social contract with the public, the role of forestry and foresters as professionals, and the integration of biophysical, socio-economic and ethical dimensions of forest resource management. Required of freshmen in the Forest Resources Management and the Dual EFB/FOR programs. Fall.

FOR 202. Introduction to Sociology (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. General introductory principles and methods of sociology including group dynamics and development, different structural arrangement of social groups, community development and adjustment processes, relationships with the natural environment. Fall and Spring.

FOR 203. Western Civilization and the Environment (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. General interdisciplinary overview of the development and evolution of Western civilization and its relevance to environmental and natural resource issues. Exploration of various defining moments throughout several millennia. Historical and contemporary influences of the Western tradition. Basic timeline and themes of Western civilization in relation to perceptions of the natural world and treatment of the environment. Meets the General Education requirements for Western Civilization. Spring.

FOR 204. Natural Resources in American History (3)
Three hours of lecture/discussion per week. Introductory survey of American history from colonization through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, with attention to natural resources. Considers the impact of defining moments in American history on natural resources and analyzes their implications on contemporary resource use, allocation and management. Exposure to historiography, historical research and analysis. Fall.

FOR 207. Introduction to Economics (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. Coverage of basic theory in micro-economics and macroeconomics. Application of theory and economic models to problems at the firm and national policy levels. Exploration
of topics in money and banking, globalization and economic development. Fall and Spring.

FOR 296. Special Topics in Resource Management/Forestry (1-3)
Experimental, interdisciplinary or special coursework at the freshman or sophomore levels. Subject matter and course format vary from semester to semester. Fall or Spring.

FOR 301. Adirondack Forest Ecology and Dendrology (1)
Intensive field study, presented as the first portion of the Summer Program in Field Forestry. Field identification and ecology of common trees and some shrub and herbaceous species of the Adirondack region. Natural and cultural history of the area as it affects the growth and development of forest vegetation. Summer.

FOR 303. Introduction to Forest Resources Measurements (3)
Ten hours of lecture and 30 hours of laboratory per week for approx-imately three weeks. Summer Program in Field Forestry. Principles and methods used in the measurement of spatial and vegetative attributes of forest landscapes. Course stresses development of field ability in the areas of overland navigation, timber measurements, and habitat measurements. Summer.
Prerequisite: FOR 301.

FOR 312. Sociology of Natural Resources (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. The concepts and principles of sociology as applied to natural resource questions. Concepts of community, forest-dependent communities, shared identity, and social structures of resource-based groups. The forest as an integrated social and biological community. Spring.

FOR 321. Forest Ecology and Silviculture (3)
Two hours of classroom lecture with weekly three-hour trips and labs to forests across Central New York. Survey of forest tree and stand ecology (silvics) and silviculture concepts, applications and impli-cations for treatment of forest stands for various values. Experiential learning emphasized through a strong field component of assessing vegetation, site quality and land use history variables, and treatment alternatives to create different forest conditions. For students outside forest resources management curriculum; not open to students taking FOR 332 and FOR 334. Fall.
Prerequisite: Botany or general biology.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 321 and FOR 521.

FOR 322. Forest Mensuration (3)
Two hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Principles and methods used in the measurement of standing trees, forest stands, forest products and growth. The application of sampling designs and analysis for forest valuation and inventory planning. Fall.
Prerequisites: FOR 303 or equivalent, APM 391 or equivalent.

FOR 323. Forest Biometrics (3)
Three hours lecture per week. Statistical techniques for analyzing problems in forest resource management including hypothesis testing, analysis of variance, simple and multiple linear regressions, and weighted least squares regression. Spring.
Prerequisite: APM 391 or equivalent.

FOR 324. Natural Resources Information Systems (3)
Two hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Intro-duction to, and foundation in the use of, the concepts and principles of geographic information systems, remote sensing, and global positioning systems, with particular emphasis in forest resource management applications. Spring.

FOR 332. Forest Ecology (3)
Two hours of lecture and three hours of lab per week. Introduction to principles of ecology as they relate to forest ecosystems. Autecology and tree physiology from a whole plant perspective. Synecology presented from an applied perspective including the role of human activities and management interventions on ecosystem function from local to global levels. Fall.
Prerequisite: EFB 226 (General Botany).

FOR 333. Natural Resources Managerial Economics (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. Applying economic tools and models to natural resource management decisions. Identifying and defining the economic information necessary to help in making better business decisions with respect to managing natural resources. Spring.
Prerequisite: FOR 207 or equivalent.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 333 and FOR 533.

FOR 334. Silviculture (4)
Three hours of lecture and three hours of lab per week. The practice of silviculture in managing stands to serve various landowner interests. Field trips and exercises provide opportunities to see examples of silvicultural methods under different management scenarios, and to learn and practice techniques for analyzing forest stands and developing prescriptions for their treatment. Fall.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 334 and FOR 534.

FOR 338. Meteorology (3)
Three hours of lecture/discussion per week. This is a shared resource course with FOR 538. An introduction to the atmospheric physical processes important to understanding weather and weather forecasting at the surface of the earth and macro-, synoptic-, meso-, and micro-climates. The emphasis is on synoptic and micro scale phenomena. Students will learn how to access weather data on the Internet and use the data to forecast weather. At the microscale, emphasis is on describing conditions and projecting change. Fall.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 338 and FOR 538.

FOR 340. Watershed Hydrology (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. Basic principles of physical hydrology, including the movement of water through hydrologic reservoirs on global and watershed scales, measurement and quantification of hydrological data, runoff generation processes and water quality in the natural environment. Course content includes precipitation, evapotranspiration, streamflow generation, and fundamentals of groundwater flow. Fall.
Prerequisites or Co-requisites: Soils and/or Introductory Geology.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 340 and FOR 540.

FOR 345. Introduction to Soils (3)
Two hours of lecture and three hours of lab per week. Introduction to the fundamentals of soil science in the context of soil as an ecosystem component. Fall.
Prerequisite or Co-requisite: 1 semester of Introductory Chemistry.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 345 and FOR 545.

FOR 356. Introduction to Raster GIS Analysis (3)
Two hours of lecture/discussion and three hours of laboratory per week. An application of raster Geographic Information System tech-nology to the solution of spatial problems in the fields of planning, forest management, landscape architecture, biology, ecology, and engineering. Students learn how to obtain raster geographic data, convert it to different spatial coordinates, carry out series of spatial overlay analyses, produce effective maps, and write effective reports. Spring.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 356 and FOR 556.

FOR 357. Practical Vector GIS (3)
Two hours of lecture/discussion and three hours of laboratory per week. This course teaches the application of vector Geographic Information System technology to the solution of spatial problems and the analysis of spatial data in the fields of planning, forest management, landscape architecture, biology, ecology, and engineering. Students will learn how to obtain geographic data, convert it to different spatial coordinates, carry out spatial queries and overlay analyses, produce effective maps, and write effective reports. Fall.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 357 and FOR 557.

FOR 360. Principles of Management (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. This course focuses on the basic theories, concepts, principles and functions of modern management and administration, with an emphasis on the four functions of management: leading, planning, organizing, controlling. The four functions of management are applied to the public and private sectors, as well as for profit and not-for-profit organizations. Environmental management systems, corporate ethics and social responsibility and systematic problem solving are among the principal topics emphasized. Fall.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 360 and FOR 560.

FOR 370. Timber Management (4)
Three hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. An introduction to methods for organizing and regulating forests for timber production, growth and yield, timber harvest scheduling, timber sale contracts, and the role of timber management in forest management. Spring.
Prerequisites: FOR 322 and FOR 334. Co-requisite: FOR 333.

FOR 372. Fundamentals of Outdoor Recreation (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. Introduction to the programs and practices of federal, state and local agencies and private organizations involved in planning, administration and management of outdoor recreation areas. Emphasis is placed on common resource and social problems faced by area managers, and how they integrate solutions into their plans. Spring and Fall.

FOR 373. Forest Operations (4)
Three hours of lecture and three hours of lab per week. Overview of forest roads and timber harvesting; planning, construction, and maintenance of forest roads; economic and environmental charac-teristics of harvesting systems; and the role of forest operations in the broader context of forest management. Fall.
Prerequisite: FOR 321 or FOR 334.

FOR 415. Forestry Consulting and Wood Procurement (3)
Two hours of lecture, two hours of laboratory, and one hour of independent study per week. This course is designed to provide the skills and professionalism to succeed as forestry consultants and wood procurement foresters. Introduction to the structure of the forest products industry in the United States and more specifically the issues and challenges surrounding wood supply and forest manage-ment. Field exercises provide students the opportunity to assume the role of both a forestry consultant and wood procurement forester. Fall.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 415 and FOR 615.

FOR 430. Agroforestry (3)
Two hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. The productivity of stands of trees as well as aggregations of agricultural and forest tree crops in tropical and temperate agroforestry systems are examined from an ecophysiological perspective with an emphasis upon species and species-site interactions. Quantitative techniques and local agroforestry field trips are integrated with lecture material to develop an ecological understanding of the basis for sound agroforestry as well as plantation management. Fall, odd years.
Prerequisites: FOR 332, FOR 323 or equivalent.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 430 and FOR 630.

FOR 433. Silviculture Workshop (3)
Three hours of classroom or six hours field instruction, and three hours independent study per week. Advanced study of silviculture in managing stands to serve a variety of landowner objectives. Enhanced problem-solving skills related to stand analysis and prescription making. Field exercises provide practical experience in implementing silvicultural prescriptions. Spring.
Prerequisite: One prior course in silviculture.

FOR 442. Watershed Ecology and Management (3)
Three hours of lecture and discussion per week. Introduction to watershed ecology and stream ecosystems. Interactions and linkages among upland, riparian and stream processes. Management and restoration associated with multiple uses of forest and range lands. Explore influences of spatial and temporal scale, watershed and network position, disturbance regimes, and global change. Fall.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 442 and FOR 642.

FOR 443. Forest Hydrology (3)
Three hours of lecture per week and occasional field trips. Funda-mental hydrological processes relevant to forested watersheds, including the occurrence, distribution and movement of water through the hydrologic cycle as precipitation, evapotranspiration and runoff. The focus will be on scientific hydrology, with critical examination of research techniques as applied to the study of forested catchments. Students will conceptualize, execute and interpret hydrologic invest-igations. Linkages to biogeochemistry will also be explored. Fall.
Prerequisites: FOR 340 or equivalent, with permission of instructor.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 443 and FOR 643.

FOR 455. Forest Genetics and Tree Improvement (3)
Two hours of lecture and three hours of lab per week. General principles of genetics as applied to conservation and utilization of genetic diversity of forest tree species. Topics include selection of elite trees, pollen testing, tissue culture and seed propagation, field-test design, and germplasm conservation and utilization. Spring.
Prerequisite: EFB 307, or FOR 334, or FOR 321 or permission.
Note: Credit will not be granted for FOR both 455 and FOR 655.

FOR 460. Managing Vegetation Using Integrated Pest Management (3)
Two hours of lecture, two hours of laboratory, and one hour of independent study per week. Understanding and managing vegetation using principles and practices of Integrated Pest Management. A variety of problem plants (pests or weeds) is considered, including trees, in the context of various terrestrial, non-crop ecosystems; natural areas; cultural landscapes and historic sites; and recreational trails, roadside, railroad, pipeline and powerline corridors. Individual research and management projects. Regular field trips and labs. Spring.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 460 and FOR 660.

FOR 465. Natural Resources Policy (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. Analysis of roles of government in natural resources policy. Examination of policy process model as applied to natural resources. Analysis of private lands, public lands, forest, wildlife, endangered species, water, fire, certification, and sustainability policies. Focus is on U.S. natural resources policies. Spring.

FOR 473. Planning and Management of Outdoor Recreation Areas (3)
Two hours of lecture, two hours of lab, and one hour of independent study per week. Planning, designing, and managing outdoor recreation facilities such as trails and campgrounds within forest and other natural resource recreation areas. This service-learning course provides an outdoor recreation area planning experience through community and/or organizational service. Emphasis is on the functional relation-ship between facility design and unit management planning. Spring.
Prerequisite: FOR 372.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 473 and FOR 673.

FOR 475. Human Behavior and Recreation Visitor Management (3)
Three hours of lecture per week and a one-day field trip. Applies sociological and psychological concepts to: 1) individual preferences for recreation activities and settings, 2) description of recreation visitor behavior, 3) sources of management problems, 4) developing direct and indirect visitor management practices, and 5) recreation planning decisions necessary to manage recreation settings and experiences. Students have the opportunity to apply concepts to personal recreation experiences. Spring.
Prerequisite: FOR 372 or equivalent.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 475 and FOR 675.

FOR 476. Ecotourism and Nature Tourism (3)
Three hours of instruction per week. Overview of ecotourism and nature tourism programs and efforts around the world. Community, business, and organizational structures necessary for managing ecotourism and nature tourism programs are discussed, as are related environmental, social, and economic impacts. One-day field trip. Fall.
Prerequisite: FOR 372.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 476 and FOR 676.

FOR 478. Wilderness and Wildlands Management (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. One, two-day, overnight field trip. Review of the state and federal legislation and agency policies that frame the planning and management of public lands designated as wilderness or wildlands. Emphasizes stewardship and management for protection of natural resources and human values. Concepts include carrying capacity, preservation of ecological conditions and processes, visitor management, dispersed recreation management, human values and benefits, and planning frameworks. Fall.
Prerequisite: FOR 372 or equivalent.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 478 and FOR 678.

FOR 480. Urban Forestry (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. Evaluation and management of urban greenspace resources, with emphasis on urban trees, in the context of other values and management processes in urban areas. Class practice in evaluating urban greenspace and tree resources. Spring.
Prerequisite: Junior or senior status in any Forest and Natural Resources Management programs or permission of instructor for juniors and seniors in other programs.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 480 and FOR 680.

FOR 487. Environmental Law and Policy (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. Introduction to the approaches used in U.S. environmental law. Analysis of common law and statutory designs and strategies used to address environmental problems. Examination of common law environmental remedies, Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Endangered Species Act, hazardous waste, and other environmental laws. Fall.
Prerequisite: Junior standing and course in American government or American history.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 487 and FOR 687.

FOR 488. Natural Resources Agencies and Administration (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. Advanced examination of the public agencies responsible for the management of natural resources and the political and legal constraints on their powers and procedures. Analysis of agency rule making, agency adjudication, disclosure of information, political controls over agencies, judicial review of agency action, and laws administered by natural resource agencies. Spring.
Prerequisite: Junior or senior status and a course in American government or American history, or natural resources or environmental policy.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 488 and FOR 688.

FOR 489. Natural Resources Law and Policy (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. An introduction to the law governing the management of natural resources. Examination of the history and constitutional basis of natural resources law, wildlife and biodiversity law, protected lands law, water law, rangelands law, minerals law, and forest law. Spring.
Prerequisites: Junior or senior status and FOR 465 or FOR 488 or a course in American government, natural resources or environmental policy, environmental law.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 489 and FOR 689.

FOR 490. Integrated Resources Management (3)
One hour of lecture, three hours of laboratory, and three hours of supervised work per week. This capstone course emphasizes the assimilation, integration, and interpretation of the biophysical and socioeconomic sciences. It provides students with the opportunity to integrate skills and knowledge accumulated from professional and supporting coursework. A written comprehensive management plan, also presented orally in the field and classroom, provides the central vehicle by which students demonstrate their abilities as future natural resource managers. Spring.
Prerequisite: Senior status in Forest and Natural Resources Management.

FOR 495. Undergraduate Teaching Assistance (1-3)
Undergraduate students gain experience as teaching assistants. They assist the instructor with the teaching and learning experience, assist students with learning course concepts, and mentor students on how to succeed in an undergraduate course. Responsibilities vary by section and instructor. Fall and Spring.
Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. Prior completion of course to be assisted with grade of B or better.

FOR 496. Special Topics in Resource Management/Forestry (1-3)
Experimental and developmental courses in new areas of resource management/forestry or areas not covered in regularly scheduled courses. Topics may include but are not limited to the biological, physical, and social dimensions and the many and varied resources of forest lands and forestry. Specific detailed course descriptions for each course taught under the FOR 496 designation are available for student perusal. Fall, Spring and Summer.

FOR 498. Independent Study in Forest Resources Management (1-6)
Independent research or study in resource management/forestry for selected undergraduate students. Selection of subject area, nature
of the research or study, and number of credit hours determined by student in conference with appropriate faculty member; initiative in taking FOR 498 rests with the student. Final written report is required for record. Fall, Spring and Summer.
Prerequisite: Cumulative GPA of at least 2.50 and approval of the adviser and instructor.

FOR 499. Independent Study/Internship in Forest Resources Management (7-12)
Independent research or study in resource management/forestry for selected undergraduate students; especially designed for internships spent off campus working for a resource management or forestry oriented firm or organization while also pursuing an academically oriented project. The selection of the study topic will be determined by the student in consultation with his/her adviser. Guidance will be provided by a faculty committee. Final written report is required for record. Limited to seniors in forest resources management. Fall, Spring and Summer.
Prerequisite: Must have a cumulative GPA of at least 3.00.

FOR 513. Adirondack Forest Ecology and Management (2-3)
One-week, field-based examination of sustainable forest management in the Adirondacks, framed by concepts and issues associated with plant and wildlife ecology, silviculture, and forest management. Contemporary research on central Adirondack forests is featured based on work at the Huntington Wildlife Forest. Emphasis is on experiential learning via a series of trips to, and laboratories in,
the forest. Fall (late summer).
Note: Credit will not be granted for both EFB 513 and FOR 513.

FOR 521. Forest Ecology and Silviculture (3)
Two hours of classroom lecture with weekly three-hour trips and labs to forests across Central New York. Study of the conceptual under-pinnings and application of forest ecology via explorations of the environmental complex and silvicultural systems. Experiential learning is emphasized through a strong field component of assessing vegetation, site and land use history variables, and treatment alternatives to create different forest conditions. Provides a study of trees as indivi-duals and communities, and how we can manipulate them both using planned methods and techniques to affect sustained production of a wide variety of forest ecosystem benefits, services, and values. Fall.
Prerequisite(s): Botany or general biology.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 321 and FOR 521.
Note: Not open to students taking FOR 534.

FOR 523. Tropical Ecology (3)
One hour of lecture coupled with a period of intensive field study over spring break on a tropical island in the Caribbean. Principles of tropical ecology, resource management, and island biogeography are presented. Field trips to a variety of tropical ecosystems including rain forest, coral reefs, crater lakes and montane rain forest. Comparisons with north temperate ecosystems are made. Additional fees required to cover cost of travel and lodging during field portion of course. Requires the ability to swim. Spring.
Prerequisite: EFB 320.

FOR 533. Natural Resources Managerial Economics (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. An introductory course applying economic tools and models to natural resource management decisions. Identifying and defining economic information necessary to help in making better business decisions with respect to managing natural resources. Systematically analyzing the economic tools and models used in natural resources management. Spring.
Prerequisite(s): FOR 207 or equivalent and APM 105 or equivalent or permission of the instructor.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 333 and FOR 533.

FOR 534. Silvicultural Practice (4)
Three hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. The practice of silviculture in managing stands to serve various landowner interests, and explore the conceptual framework for those practices. Field trips and exercises provide opportunities to see examples of silvicultural methods under different management scenarios and to learn and practice techniques for analyzing forest stands and developing prescriptions for their treatment. Laboratory projects include reports that explore the conceptual and technical rationale for silvicultural decisions. Fall.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 334 and FOR 534.

FOR 535. Advanced Forest Soils (3)
Three hours of lecture/discussion concerning the current state-of-the-art in forest soils. Effect of intensive forest management on soil, soil-site-species relationships, forest fertilization tree nutrition. Application of forest soils information to silviculture. Spring.
Prerequisite: FOR 332 or beginning courses in soils and silviculture.

FOR 538. Meteorology (3)
Three hours of lecture/discussion per week. An introduction to the atmospheric physical processes important to understanding weather and weather forecasting at the surface of the earth and macro-, synoptic-, meso-, and micro-climates. The emphasis is on synoptic and micro-scale phenomena. Students will learn how to access weather data on the Internet and use that data to forecast weather. At the micro-scale, emphasis is on describing conditions and projecting change. Fall.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 338 and FOR 538.

FOR 540. Watershed Hydrology (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. The course covers basic principles of physical hydrology, including the movement of water through hydrologic reservoirs on global and watershed scales, measurement and quantification of hydrological data, runoff generation processes and water quality in the natural environment. Course content includes precipitation, evapotranspiration, streamflow generation, and fundamentals of groundwater flow. Students are expected to apply course concepts to an independent research project. Fall.
Prerequisite or Co-requisite: Soils and/or Introductory Geology.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 340 and FOR 540.

FOR 545. Introduction to Soils (3)
Two hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Intro-duction to the fundamentals of soil science in the context of soil as an ecosystem component. Fall.
Prerequisite or Co-requisite: one semester of Introductory Chemistry or permission of instructor.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 345 and FOR 545.

FOR 546. Forest Soil Genesis, Classification, and Mapping (3)
Three hours of lecture per week during the first two-thirds of the semester. The last third of the semester is devoted to fieldwork and production of a soil map. Models of soil genesis, application of the U.S. system of soil taxonomy, and soil mapping. Spring.
Prerequisite: Introductory course in soil science.

FOR 556. Introduction to Raster GIS Analysis (3)
Two hours of lecture/discussion and three hours of laboratory per week. An application of raster Geographic Information System tech-nology to the solution of spatial problems in the fields of planning, forest management, landscape architecture, biology, ecology, and engineering. Students learn how to obtain raster geographic data, convert it to different spatial coordinates, carry out spatial overlay analyses, produce effective maps, and write effective reports. Students complete a final project, prepare a comprehensive report and present the results to the class. Spring.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 356 and FOR 556.

FOR 557. Practical Vector GIS (3)
Two hours of lecture/discussion and three hours of laboratory per week. This course teaches the application of vector Geographic Information System technology to the solution of spatial problems and the analysis of spatial data in the fields of planning, forest management, landscape architecture, biology, ecology, and engineering. Students will learn how to obtain geographic data, convert it to different spatial coordinates, carry out spatial queries and overlay analyses, produce effective maps, and write effective reports. Students complete a final project, prepare a comprehensive report and present the results to the class. Fall.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 357 and FOR 557.

FOR 558. Advanced Topics in GIS (3)
Two hours of lecture/discussion and three hours of laboratory per week. This course builds on knowledge gained in introductory vector GIS courses and provides instruction in data structures, data models, between layer topologies, and geographic editing. Spring.
Prerequisite: FOR 357 or FOR 557 or equivalent experience with vector GIS.

FOR 560. Principles of Management (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. This course focuses on the basic theories, concepts, principles and functions of modern management and administration, with an emphasis on the four functions of management: leading, planning, organizing, controlling. The four functions of management are applied to the public and private sectors, as well as for profit and not-for-profit organizations. Environmental management systems, corporate ethics and social responsibility and systematic problem solving are among the principal topics emphasized. Graduate students lead the discussion of case studies and have a separate recitation section. Fall.
Prerequisite: graduate status.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 360 and FOR 560.

FOR 615. Forestry Consulting and Wood Procurement (3)
Two hours of lecture, two hours of laboratory, and one hour of independent study per week. This course is designed to provide the skills and professionalism to succeed as forestry consultants and wood procurement foresters. Introduction to the structure of the forest products industry in the United States and more specifically the issues and challenges surrounding wood supply and forest management. Field exercises provide students the opportunity to assume the role of both a forestry consultant and wood procurement forester. Fall.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 415 and FOR 615.

FOR 620. Silvicultural Concepts and Applications (3)
Three hours of lecture or six hours of field studies and three hours of independent study per week. Advanced study of silviculture, including the conceptual basis for designing prescriptions to serve a variety of landowner objectives. Concurrent independent work on assigned projects enhances problem-solving skills related to stand analysis and prescription making. Reports articulate the conceptual basis for recommendations, and discuss likely outcomes based upon findings from research and computer simulations. Field exercises provide practical experience in implementing silvicultural prescriptions. Spring.
Prerequisite: previous studies in silviculture at the baccalaureate or higher level.

FOR 626. Plant Tissue Culture Methods (3)
Two hours of lecture and discussion and three hours of laboratory. Introduction to plant tissue culture for biotechnology research and as a propagation method. Emphasis will be on learning laboratory instrumentation and techniques for establishing cell cultures, producing transgenic cell lines, and regenerating whole plants. In addition to the scheduled lab exercises, an independent micropropagation or transformation project will be required. Fall.
Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both BTC 426 and FOR/EFB 626.

FOR 630. Agroforestry (3)
Two hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. The productivity of stands of trees as well as aggregations of agricultural and forest tree crops in tropical and temperate agroforestry systems are examined from an ecophysiological perspective with an emphasis upon species and species-site interactions. Quantitative techniques and local agroforestry field trips are integrated with lecture material. Critically analyze ecological factors as the basis for sound agro-forestry as well as plantation management. Fall, odd years.
Prerequisite: FOR 332 or FOR 323 or equivalent.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 430 and FOR 630.

FOR 635. Forest Soils and Their Analyses (3)
One hour of lecture, one hour of recitation, four hours of field and laboratory study of forest soils, emphasizing plant-soil relationships. Stress on quantification of plant-soil diagnostic techniques and their interpretation. Spring (odd years).
Prerequisite: FOR 446.
Note: Background in physical and biological sciences recommended.

FOR 642. Watershed Ecology and Management (3)
Three hours of lecture and discussion per week. Introduction to watershed ecology and stream ecosystems. Interactions and linkages among upland, riparian and stream processes. Management and restoration associated with multiple uses of forest and range lands. Explore influences of spatial and temporal scale, watershed and network position, disturbance regimes, and global change. Students will apply course concepts to an independent research project. Fall.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 442 and FOR 642.

FOR 643. Forest Hydrology (3)
Three hours of lecture per week and occasional field trips. Fundamental hydrological processes relevant to forested watersheds, including the occurrence, distribution and movement of water through the hydrologic cycle as precipitation, evapotranspiration and runoff. The focus will be on scientific hydrology, with critical examination of research techniques as applied to the study of forested catchments. Students will conceptualize, execute, interpret, and synthesize results from hydrologic investigations. Linkages to biogeochemistry will also be explored. Students are expected to develop detailed field investi-gations. Fall.
Prerequisite: FOR 540 or equivalent, with permission of instructor.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 443 and FOR 643.

FOR 645. Hydrological Techniques (2)
One hour of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Course will provide a hands-on learning experience in current instrument and measuring techniques in hydrology, meteorology and hydrogeology, necessary for research in the environmental sciences. The objective will be to explore the principles that govern the use of sensors and the operation of data acquisition systems. Spring.
Prerequisite: FOR 643.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 445 and FOR 645.

FOR 655. Advanced Forest Genetics and Tree Improvement (3)
Two hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. General principles of genetics as applied to conservation and utilization of genetic diversity of forest tree species. Topics include selection of elite trees, pollen testing, tissue culture and seed propagation, field-test design, and germplasm conservation and utilization. An indepen-dent research problem will be undertaken by the student. Spring.
Prerequisite: permission of instructor.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 455 and FOR 655.

FOR 660. Managing Vegetation Using Integrated Pest Management (3)
Two hours of lecture, two hours of laboratory, and one hour of independent study per week. Understanding and managing vege-tation using principles and practices of Integrated Pest Management. Variety of problem plants (pests or weeds) are considered, including trees, in the context of terrestrial, non-crop ecosystems: natural areas; cultural landscapes and historic sites; and recreational trail, roadside, railroad, pipeline and powerline corridors. Individual research and management projects. Regular field trips and labs. Spring.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 460 and FOR 660

FOR 665. Natural Resources Policy (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. Analysis and application of political, policy formation, and policy administration theories to natural resources. Examination of drivers of U.S. natural resources policies. Analysis of private lands, public lands, forest, wildlife, endangered species, water, fire, and certification policies. Focus is on U.S. natural resources policies. Spring.
Prerequisite: graduate standing.

FOR 670. Resource and Environmental Economics (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. An introductory course in resource and environmental economics. Apply economic theories and models to analyze decisions concerning the use of forest, marine, and water resources and to analyze policy tools for mitigating pollution created as a result of production and consumption. Fall.
Prerequisite: A course in economics.

FOR 673. Planning and Management of Outdoor Recreation Areas (3)
Two hours of lecture, two hours of laboratory, and one hour of independent study per week. Planning, designing, and managing outdoor recreation facilities such as trails and campgrounds within forest and other natural resource recreation areas. This service-learning course provides an outdoor recreation area planning experience through community and/or organizational service. Emphasis is on the functional relationship between facility design and unit management planning, as well as the unit management planning process. Spring.
Prerequisite: FOR 372.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 473 and FOR 673.

FOR 675. Human Behavior and Recreation Visitor Management (3)
Three hours of lecture per week and a one-day field trip. Applies sociological and psychological concepts to: 1) individual preferences for recreation activities and settings, 2) description of recreation visitor behavior, 3) sources of management problems, 4) developing direct and indirect visitor management practices, and 5) recreation planning decisions necessary to manage recreation settings and experiences. Students have the opportunity to apply concepts to personal recreation experiences. Lectures concurrent with FOR 475, additional lectures, reading, and data analysis required. Spring.
Prerequisite: graduate standing, instructor permission.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 475 and FOR 675.

FOR 676. Ecotourism and Nature Tourism (3)
Three hours of instruction per week. Overview of ecotourism and nature tourism programs and efforts around the world. Community, business, and organizational structures necessary for managing eco-tourism and nature tourism programs. Environmental, social, and economic impacts. One-day field trip. Graduate level readings, assignments, and exams. Fall.
Prerequisite: FOR 372.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 476 and FOR 676.

FOR 677. Recreation Research Theory and Application (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. The major components of this course are: 1) how to apply a theoretical construct to create operational definitions used in social science, 2) identification of the inter-disciplinary approaches/theories used to investigate social/recreation behavior, and 3) a comparison of the various methods used in social research. Students have the opportunity to apply class objectives to their personal research. Fall.
Prerequisite: graduate standing, instructor permission.

FOR 678. Wilderness and Wildlands Management (3)
Three hours of lecture per week and one, two-day, overnight field trip. Reviews the state and federal legislation and agency policies that frame the planning and management of public lands designated as wilderness or wildlands. Emphasizes the use of wilderness research information for adaptive management approaches to stewardship of and planning for protection of natural resources and human values. Fall.
Prerequisite: FOR 372 or equivalent.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 478 and FOR 678.

FOR 680. Urban Forestry (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. Evaluation and management of urban greenspace resources, with emphasis on urban trees, in the context of other values and management processes in urban areas. Class practice in evaluating urban greenspace and tree resources, development of a research paper on urban forestry. Spring.
Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 480 and FOR 680.

FOR 687. Environmental Law and Policy (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. Introduction to the approaches used in U.S. environmental law. Analysis of common law and statutory designs and strategies used to address environmental problems. Critically analyze common law environmental remedies, Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Endangered Species Act, hazardous waste, and other environmental laws. Fall.
Prerequisite: Course in American government or American history.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 487 and FOR 687.

FOR 688. Natural Resources Agencies and Administration (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. Advanced examination of the public agencies responsible for the management of natural resources and the political and legal constraints on their powers and procedures. Analysis of agency rule making, agency adjudication, disclosure of information, political controls over agencies, judicial review of agency action, and laws administered by natural resource agencies. Analysis and application of natural resource law agencies and public administration peer-review literature. Spring.
Prerequisite: A course in American government, American history, or natural resources or environmental policy.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 488 and FOR 688.

FOR 689. Natural Resources Law and Policy (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. An introduction to the law governing the management of natural resources. Examination of the history and constitutional basis of natural resources law, wildlife and biodiversity law, protected lands law, water law, rangelands law, minerals law, and forest law. Analysis and application of natural resources law research and commentary. Spring.
Prerequisites: FOR 665 or FOR 488/688 or a course in American government, natural resources or environmental policy, environmental law.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 489 and FOR 689.

FOR 690. Seminar and Workshop on Natural Resources Policy and Management (3)
Six hours of discussion, seminar and group project laboratory work per week. Individual and team projects on policy and management to demonstrate the integration of principles and concepts. Oral and written presentations required. Spring.
Pre- or co-requisites: FOR 560, CMN 531.

FOR 694. Writing for Scientific Publication (3)
Three hours of lecture and discussion per week. Students will improve their skills in technical reporting by preparing a manuscript suitable for submission to a scientific journal. Topics include selection of an appropriate journal, design of effective figures and tables, sequential preparation of sections of the manuscript, writing tips, peer review and ethical issues. Fall and Spring.
Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

FOR 695. Research Methods for Natural Resources (3)
Three hours of lecture and discussion per week. The conduct of scientific research in natural resources. Students design research questions and write a feasible research proposal. Issues include researchable questions, scientific literature, theory, practice, design, measurement, and analysis. Fall.
Pre- or co-requisite(s): Graduate student standing.

FOR 720. Theoretical Foundations of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy (3)
Three hours of lecture/discussion per week. Examination of theo-retical foundations of the use of reason, the scientific method, and deductive reasoning in advancing human knowledge and understanding. Investigation of theories of scientific progress and scientists’ role in testing, refuting, subdividing, and superseding theory. Analysis of major political science, economic, and behavioral foundations of natural resources and environmental policy, such as rational choice theory, game theory, institutionalism, systems theory, and chaos theory. Research papers required. Spring
Prerequisite: A graduate course in public policy, natural resources policy or environmental policy.

FOR 753. Advanced Natural Resource and Environmental Policy (3)
Three hours of lecture and discussion per week. Course takes a social history approach to examine the working principles forming the foundation for natural resource and environmental policies. These principles will be directed toward an appreciation of the institutional context for the domestic and global natural resource and environmental issues, and an understanding of the values, institutions, policies and rules, which govern societies and their relationship to their environment. Fall.
Note: Highly desired is previous coursework in public policy, natural resource or environmental policy, environmental law, public admini-stration or property law.

FOR 770. Ecological Economics and Policy (3)
Three hours of seminar per week. A transdisciplinary approach to understand the interface of human and ecological systems, includes concepts and methods of ecologists, economists, and social scientists. Focus is on historical, conceptual and epistemological foundations. Draws on contemporary economic and policy thought, evolutionary biology, ecology, systems theory, social psychology, and environ-mental ethics. Spring.
Prerequisite: Graduate coursework in ecology or economics; doctoral student standing, or permission of instructor.

FOR 796. Special Topics in Forest Resources Management (1-3)
Lectures, seminars, and discussion. Advanced topics in resource management and policy. Check schedule of classes for details of subject matter. Fall and/or Spring.

FOR 797. Seminar (1)
Individual presentation and group discussion concerning current topics of concern to natural resources or their management. Fall and Spring.

FOR 798. Research Problems in Forestry (1-6)
Special investigation and analysis of forest resource management topics. A study plan and a final written report are required. Fall and Spring.

FOR 895. Graduate Internship (1-6)
Professional experience which applies, enriches, or complements formal coursework. Restricted to graduate students in Forest Resource Management. Graded on an "S/U" basis. Fall, Spring and Summer.

FOR 898. Professional Experience (6-12)
Professional experience which applies, enriches, or complements formal coursework. Restricted to M.S. students in Option 2. Graded on an "S/U" basis. Fall, Spring and Summer.

FOR 899. Master’s Thesis or Project (1-6)
Investigation leading to the completion of a research-oriented thesis or to an application-oriented project. Graded on an "S/U" basis. Fall, Spring and Summer.

FOR 999. Doctoral Thesis Research (1-12)
Investigation leading to the completion of the doctoral thesis. Graded on an "S/U" basis. Fall, Spring and Summer.