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FOR 132 Orientation Seminar: Forestry (1)
One hour of lecture/discussion per week. Jointly taught by ESF Student Affairs staff and faculty in forestry. Student Affairs provides an introduction to ESF and to skills necessary for success. The faculty member briefly describes forestry, what it is, what foresters do, the social contract with the public, the role of forestry and foresters as professionals, and the integration of biophysical, socio-economic and ethical dimensions of forest resource management. Required of freshmen in the Forest Resources Management and the Dual EFB/FOR programs. Fall.

FOR 202 Introduction to Sociology (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. General introductory principles and methods of sociology including group dynamics and development, different structural arrangement of social groups, community development and adjustment processes, relationships with the natural environment. Fall and Spring.

FOR 203 Western Civilization and the Environment (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. General survey of the history of Western civilization from ancient societies through the seventeenth century, with attention to environmental and natural resource issues and perspectives. Analysis of the rise of the West. Historic and contemporary influences of the Western tradition. Fall and Spring.

FOR 204 Natural Resources in American History (3)
Three hours of lecture/discussion per week. Introductory survey of American history from colonization through the twentieth century, with attention to natural resources use, allocation, and management. Environmental history and introduction to historiography. Fall and Spring.

FOR 207 Introduction to Economics (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. Coverage of basic theory in microeconomics and macroeconomics. Application of theory and economic models to problems at the firm and national policy levels. Exploration of topics in money and banking, globalization and economic development. Fall and Spring.

FOR 232 Natural Resources Ecology (3)
Two hours of lecture/discussion and three hours of laboratory per week. Introduction to basic principles of ecology as they relate to terrestrial ecosystems and natural resources. The physical environment, genetics and adaptation, ecosystem structure and function, competition and community dynamics, human impacts from local to global levels. Physiology of tree growth and development from a whole plant perspective. Spring.
Prerequisites: EFB 101/EFB 102 or equivalent (organismal biology).

FOR 296 Special Topics in Resource Management/Forestry (1 - 3)
Experimental, interdisciplinary or special coursework at the freshman or sophomore levels. Subject matter and course format vary from semester to semester. Fall or Spring.

FOR 301 Adirondack Forest Ecology and Dendrology (1)
Intensive field study, presented as the first portion of the Summer Program in Field Forestry. Field identification and ecology of common trees and some shrub and herbaceous species of the Adirondack region. Natural and cultural history of the area as it affects the growth and development of forest vegetation. Summer.

FOR 303 Introduction to Forest Resources Measurements (3)
Ten hours of lecture and 30 hours of laboratory per week for approximately three weeks. Summer Program in Field Forestry. Principles and methods used in the measurement of spatial and vegetative attributes of forest landscapes. Course stresses development of field ability in the areas of overland navigation, timber measurements, and habitat measurements. Summer.
Prerequisite: FOR 301.

FOR 304 Adirondack Field Studies (4)
Four-week field course with five hours of lecture and 30 hours of field laboratory per week. Introduction to silvics, forest ecology and natural and cultural history as a basis for understanding forest vegetation and other natural resources. Principles and methods for the measurement of spatial and vegetative attributes of forested landscapes. Course stresses development of field ability in common plant identification, overland navigation and timber, tree, forest and habitat measurements, and synthesis of field data. Summer.

FOR 312 Sociology of Natural Resources (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. The concepts and principles of sociology as applied to natural resource questions. Concepts of community, forest-dependent communities, shared identity, and social structures of resource-based groups. The forest as an integrated social and biological community. Spring.

FOR 321 Forest Ecology and Silviculture (3)
Two hours of classroom lecture with weekly three-hour trips and labs to forests across Central New York. Survey of forest tree and stand ecology (silvics) and silviculture concepts, applications and implications for treatment of forest stands for various values. Experiential learning emphasized through a strong field component of assessing vegetation, site quality and land use history variables, and treatment alternatives to create different forest conditions. For students outside forest resources management curriculum; not open to students taking FOR 332 and FOR 334. Fall.
Prerequisite: Botany or general biology. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 321 and FOR 521.

FOR 322 Forest Mensuration (3)
Two hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Principles and methods used in the measurement of standing trees, forest stands, forest products and growth. Application of sampling designs and analysis for forest valuation and inventory planning. Fall.
Prerequisites: FOR 304 or equivalent. Co-requisite: APM 391 or equivalent. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 322 and FOR 522.

FOR 323 Forest Biometrics (3)
Three hours lecture per week. Statistical techniques for analyzing problems in forest resource management including hypothesis testing, analysis of variance, simple and multiple linear regressions, and weighted least squares regression. Spring.
Prerequisite: APM 391 or equivalent.

FOR 324 Natural Resources Information Systems (3)
Two hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Introduction to, and foundation in the use of, the concepts and principles of geographic information systems, remote sensing, and global positioning systems, with particular emphasis in forest resource management applications. Spring.

FOR 332 Forest Ecology (3)
Two hours of lecture/discussion and three hours of laboratory per week. Principles of ecology and their application to the understanding and analysis of forest ecosystems. The role of human activities and management interventions on the ecosystem functions of forest communities from local to global levels. Fall.
Prerequisite: EFB 232 Natural Resources Ecology or equivalent. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 332 and FOR 532.

FOR 333 Natural Resources Managerial Economics (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. Applying economic tools and models to natural resource management decisions. Identifying and defining the economic information necessary to help in making better business decisions with respect to managing natural resources. Spring.
Prerequisite: FOR 207 or equivalent. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 333 and FOR 533.

FOR 334 Silviculture (4)
Three hours of lecture and three hours of lab per week. The practice of silviculture in managing stands to serve various landowner interests. Field trips and exercises provide opportunities to see examples of silvicultural methods under different management scenarios, and to learn and practice techniques for analyzing forest stands and developing prescriptions for their treatment. Fall.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 334 and FOR 534.

FOR 338 Meteorology (3)
Three hours of lecture/discussion per week. This is a shared resource course with FOR 538. An introduction to the atmospheric physical processes important to understanding weather and weather forecasting at the surface of the earth and macro-, synoptic-, meso-, and micro-climates. The emphasis is on synoptic and microscale phenomena. Students will learn how to access weather data on the Internet and use the data to forecast weather. At the microscale, emphasis is on describing conditions and projecting change. Fall.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 338 and FOR 538.

FOR 340 Watershed Hydrology (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. Basic principles of physical hydrology, including the movement of water through hydrologic reservoirs on global and watershed scales, measurement and quantification of hydrological data, runoff generation processes and water quality in the natural environment. Course content includes precipitation, evapotranspiration, streamflow generation, and fundamentals of groundwater flow. Fall.
Prerequisites or Co-requisites: Soils and/or Introductory Geology. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 340 and FOR 540.

FOR 345 Introduction to Soils (3)
Two hours of lecture and three hours of lab per week. Introduction to the fundamentals of soil science in the context of soil as an ecosystem component. Fall.
Prerequisite or Co-requisite: 1 semester of Introductory Chemistry. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 345 and FOR 545.

FOR 356 Introduction to Raster GIS Analysis (3)
Two hours of lecture/discussion and three hours of laboratory per week. An application of raster Geographic Information System technology to the solution of spatial problems in the fields of planning, forest management, landscape architecture, biology, ecology, and engineering. Students learn how to obtain raster geographic data, convert it to different spatial coordinates, carry out series of spatial overlay analyses, produce effective maps, and write effective reports. Spring.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 356 and FOR 556.

FOR 357 Practical Vector GIS (3)
Two hours of lecture/discussion and three hours of laboratory per week. This course teaches the application of vector Geographic Information System technology to the solution of spatial problems and the analysis of spatial data in the fields of planning, forest management, landscape architecture, biology, ecology, and engineering. Students will learn how to obtain geographic data, convert it to different spatial coordinates, carry out spatial queries and overlay analyses, produce effective maps, and write effective reports. Fall.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 357 and FOR 557.

FOR 360 Principles of Management (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. This course focuses on the basic theories, concepts, principles and functions of modern management and administration, with an emphasis on the four functions of management: leading, planning, organizing, controlling. The four functions of management are applied to the public and private sectors, as well as for profit and not-for-profit organizations. Environmental management systems, corporate ethics and social responsibility and systematic problem solving are among the principal topics emphasized. Fall.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 360 and FOR 560.

FOR 370 Forest Management Decision Making and Planning (4)
Two hours of lecture/discussion and three hours of laboratory per week. Introduction to the components of forest management decision making and planning. The topics include forest regulation, growth and yield, and harvest scheduling given that a landowner’s goals may include more than just commercial timber production. Spring.
Prerequisites: FOR 322 and FOR 334. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 370 and FOR 570.

FOR 372 Fundamentals of Outdoor Recreation (3)
Three hours of lecture/discussion per week. Introduction to the programs and practices of federal, state and local agencies and private organizations involved in planning, administration and management of outdoor recreation areas. Emphasis is placed on common resource and social problems faced by area managers, and how they integrate solutions into their plans. Spring.

FOR 373 Forest Operations (3)
Two hours of lecture and three hours of lab per week. Overview of forest roads and timber harvesting; planning, construction, and maintenance of forest roads; economic and environmental characteristics of harvesting systems; safety and health; wood procurement systems; and the role of forest operations in the broader context of forest management. Fall.
Prerequisite: FOR 322 or FOR 334 or permission of instructor.

FOR 402 Professional Forestry Mentoring Program (1)
One-hour session per week supplemented by a one-day internship with a professional forester. Sessions will focus on contemporary issues in forestry including a historical perspective of the forestry profession, what it means to be a forester today, the role of certification and licensing, and professional ethics. It will serve to increase the professionalism of the forestry students. Fall.
Prerequisites: Junior status or permission of instructor.

FOR 415 Forestry Consulting and Wood Procurement (3)
Two hours of lecture, two hours of laboratory, and one hour of independent study per week. This course is designed to provide the skills and professionalism to succeed as forestry consultants and wood procurement foresters. Introduction to the structure of the forest products industry in the United States and more specifically the issues and challenges surrounding wood supply and forest management. Field exercises provide students the opportunity to assume the role of both a forestry consultant and wood procurement forester. Fall.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 415 and FOR 615.

FOR 430 Agroforestry (3)
Two hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. The productivity of stands of trees as well as aggregations of agricultural and forest tree crops in tropical and temperate agroforestry systems are examined from an ecophysiological perspective with an emphasis upon species and species-site interactions. Quantitative techniques and local agroforestry field trips are integrated with lecture material to develop an ecological understanding of the basis for sound agroforestry as well as plantation management. Fall, odd years.
Prerequisites: FOR 332, FOR 323 or equivalent. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 430 and FOR 630.

FOR 433 Silviculture Workshop (3)
Three hours of classroom or six hours field instruction, and three hours independent study per week. Advanced study of silviculture in managing stands to serve a variety of landowner objectives. Enhanced problem-solving skills related to stand analysis and prescription making. Field exercises provide practical experience in implementing silvicultural prescriptions. Spring.
Prerequisite: One prior course in silviculture.

FOR 442 Watershed Ecology and Management (3)
Three hours of lecture and discussion per week. Introduction to watershed ecology and stream ecosystems. Interactions and linkages among upland, riparian and stream processes. Management and restoration associated with multiple uses of forest and rangelands. Explore influences of spatial and temporal scale, watershed and network position, disturbance regimes, and global change. Fall.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 442 and FOR 642.

FOR 455 Forest Genetics and Tree Improvement (3)
Two hours of lecture and three hours of lab per week. General principles of genetics as applied to conservation and utilization of genetic diversity of forest tree species. Topics include selection of elite trees, pollen testing, tissue culture and seed propagation, field-test design, and germplasm conservation and utilization. Spring.
Prerequisite: EFB 307, or FOR 334, or FOR 321 or permission. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 455 and FOR 655.

FOR 460 Managing Vegetation Using Integrated Pest Management (3)
Two hours of lecture, two hours of laboratory, and one hour of independent study per week. Understanding and managing vegetation using principles and practices of Integrated Pest Management. A variety of problem plants (pests or weeds) is considered, including trees, in the context of various terrestrial, non-crop ecosystems; natural areas; cultural landscapes and historic sites; and recreational trails, roadside, railroad, pipeline and powerline corridors. Individual research and management projects. Regular field trips and labs. Spring.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 460 and FOR 660. This course was added to the on-line catalog on October 23, 2009.

FOR 465 Natural Resources Policy (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. Analysis of roles of government in natural resources policy. Examination of policy process model as applied to natural resources. Analysis of private lands, public lands, forest, wildlife, endangered species, water, fire, certification, and sustainability policies. Focus is on U.S. natural resources policies. Spring.

FOR 475 Human Behavior and Recreation Visitor Management (3)
Three hours of lecture per week and a one-day field trip. Applies sociological and psychological concepts to: 1) individual preferences for recreation activities and settings, 2) description of recreation visitor behavior, 3) sources of management problems, 4) developing direct and indirect visitor management practices, and 5) recreation planning decisions necessary to manage recreation settings and experiences. Students have the opportunity to apply concepts to personal recreation experiences. Spring.
Prerequisite: FOR 372 or equivalent. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 475 and FOR 675.

FOR 476 Ecotourism and Nature Tourism (3)
Three hours of instruction per week. Overview of ecotourism and nature tourism programs and efforts around the world. Community, business, and organizational structures necessary for managing ecotourism and nature tourism programs are discussed, as are related environmental, social, and economic impacts. One-day field trip. Fall.
Prerequisite: FOR 372. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 476 and FOR 676.

FOR 478 Wilderness and Wildlands Management (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. One, two-day, overnight field trip. Review of the state and federal legislation and agency policies that frame the planning and management of public lands designated as wilderness or wildlands. Emphasizes stewardship and management for protection of natural resources and human values. Concepts include carrying capacity, preservation of ecological conditions and processes, visitor management, dispersed recreation management, human values and benefits, and planning frameworks. Fall.
Prerequisite: FOR 372 or equivalent. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 478 and FOR 678.

FOR 480 Urban Forestry (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. Evaluation and management of urban greenspace resources, with emphasis on urban trees, in the context of other values and management processes in urban areas. Class practice in evaluating urban greenspace and tree resources. Spring.
Prerequisite: Junior or senior status in any Forest and Natural Resources Management programs or permission of instructor for juniors and seniors in other programs. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 480 and FOR 680.

FOR 487 Environmental Law and Policy (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. Introduction to the approaches used in U.S. environmental law. Analysis of common law and statutory designs and strategies used to address environmental problems. Examination of common law environmental remedies, Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Endangered Species Act, hazardous waste, and other environmental laws. Fall.
Prerequisite: Junior standing and course in American government or American history. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 487 and FOR 687.

FOR 488 Natural Resources Agencies and Administration (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. Advanced examination of the public agencies responsible for the management of natural resources and the political and legal constraints on their powers and procedures. Analysis of agency rule making, agency adjudication, disclosure of information, political controls over agencies, judicial review of agency action, and laws administered by natural resource agencies. Spring.
Prerequisite: Junior or senior status and a course in American government or American history, or natural resources or environmental policy. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 488 and FOR 688.

FOR 489 Natural Resources Law and Policy (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. An introduction to the law governing the management of natural resources. Examination of the history and constitutional basis of natural resources law, wildlife and biodiversity law, protected lands law, water law, rangelands law, minerals law, and forest law. Spring.
Prerequisites: Junior or senior status and FOR 465 or FOR 488 or a course in American government, natural resources or environmental policy, environmental law. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 489 and FOR 689.

FOR 490 Integrated Resources Management (3)
One hour of lecture, three hours of laboratory, and three hours of supervised work per week. This capstone course emphasizes the assimilation, integration, and interpretation of the biophysical and socioeconomic sciences. It provides students with the opportunity to integrate skills and knowledge accumulated from professional and supporting coursework. A written comprehensive management plan, also presented orally in the field and classroom, provides the central vehicle by which students demonstrate their abilities as future natural resource managers. Spring.
Prerequisite: Senior status in Forest and Natural Resources Management.

FOR 495 Undergraduate Teaching Assistance (1 - 3)
Undergraduate students gain experience as teaching assistants. They assist the instructor with the teaching and learning experience, assist students with learning course concepts, and mentor students on how to succeed in an undergraduate course. Responsibilities vary by section and instructor. Fall and Spring.
Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. Prior completion of course to be assisted with grade of B or better.

FOR 496 Special Topics in Resource Management/Forestry (1 - 3)
Experimental and developmental courses in new areas of resource management/forestry or areas not covered in regularly scheduled courses. Topics may include but are not limited to the biological, physical, and social dimensions and the many and varied resources of forest lands and forestry. Specific detailed course descriptions for each course taught under the FOR 496 designation are available for student perusal. Fall, Spring and Summer.

FOR 498 Independent Study in Forest Resources Management (1 - 6)
Independent research or study in resource management/forestry for selected undergraduate students. Selection of subject area, nature of the research or study, and number of credit hours determined by student in conference with appropriate faculty member; initiative in taking FOR 498 rests with the student. Final written report is required for record. Fall, Spring and Summer.
Prerequisite: Cumulative GPA of at least 2.50 and approval of the adviser and instructor.

FOR 499 Independent Study/Internship in Forest Resources Management (7 - 12)
Independent research or study in resource management/forestry for selected undergraduate students; especially designed for internships spent off campus working for a resource management or forestry oriented firm or organization while also pursuing an academically oriented project. The selection of the study topic will be determined by the student in consultation with his/her adviser. Guidance will be provided by a faculty committee. Final written report is required for record. Limited to seniors in forest resources management. Fall, Spring and Summer.
Prerequisite: Must have a cumulative GPA of at least 3.00.

FOR 513 Adirondack Forest Ecology and Management (2 - 3)
One-week, field-based examination of sustainable forest management in the Adirondacks, framed by concepts and issues associated with plant and wildlife ecology, silviculture, and forest management. Contemporary research on central Adirondack forests is featured based on work at the Huntington Wildlife Forest. Emphasis is on experiential learning via a series of trips to, and laboratories in, the forest. Fall (late summer).
Note: Credit will not be granted for both EFB 513 and FOR 513.

FOR 521 Forest Ecology and Silviculture (3)
Two hours of classroom lecture with weekly three-hour trips and labs to forests across Central New York. Study of the conceptual underpinnings and application of forest ecology via explorations of the environmental complex and silvicultural systems. Experiential learning is emphasized through a strong field component of assessing vegetation, site and land use history variables, and treatment alternatives to create different forest conditions. Provides a study of trees as individuals and communities, and how we can manipulate them both using planned methods and techniques to affect sustained production of a wide variety of forest ecosystem benefits, services, and values. Fall.
Prerequisite(s): Botany or general biology. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 321 and FOR 521. Note: Not open to students taking FOR 534.

FOR 522 Forest Mensuration (3)
Two hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Principles and methods used in the measurement of standing trees, forest stands, forest products and growth. The application of sampling designs and analysis for forest valuation and inventory planning. Graduate students will be required to complete two additional term projects in addition to those required of undergraduate students. Fall.
Prerequisites: FOR 304 or equivalent. Co-requisites: APM 391 or equivalent. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 322 and FOR 522.

FOR 523 Tropical Ecology (3)
One hour of lecture coupled with a period of intensive field study over spring break on a tropical island in the Caribbean. Principles of tropical ecology, resource management, and island biogeography are presented. Field trips to a variety of tropical ecosystems including rain forest, coral reefs, crater lakes and montane rain forest. Comparisons with north temperate ecosystems are made. Additional fees required to cover cost of travel and lodging during field portion of course. Requires the ability to swim. Spring.
Prerequisite: EFB 320.

FOR 524 Forest Biometrics (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. Statistical methods and techniques including hypothesis testing, analysis of variance, simple and multiple linear regressions used for analyzing forest resource management problems and developing forest growth and yield models. Graduate students will be required to write a research paper in addition to those required of undergraduate students. Spring.
Prerequisite: APM 391 or equivalent. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 323 and FOR 524.

FOR 532 Forest Ecology (3)
Two hours of lecture/discussion and three hours of laboratory per week. Principles of ecology and their application to the understanding and analysis of forest ecosystems. The role of human activities and management interventions on the ecosystem functions of forest communities from local to global levels. Emphasis on application of knowledge, requiring a written report with a problem-solving focus. Fall.
Prerequisites: EFB 101, EFB 102 or equivalent and FOR 232 or equivalent. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 332 and FOR 532.

FOR 533 Natural Resources Managerial Economics (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. An introductory course applying economic tools and models to natural resource management decisions. Identifying and defining economic information necessary to help in making better business decisions with respect to managing natural resources. Systematically analyzing the economic tools and models used in natural resources management. Spring.
Prerequisite(s): FOR 207 or equivalent and APM 105 or equivalent or permission of the instructor. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 333 and FOR 533.

FOR 534 Silvicultural Practice (4)
Three hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. The practice of silviculture in managing stands to serve various landowner interests, and explore the conceptual framework for those practices. Field trips and exercises provide opportunities to see examples of silvicultural methods under different management scenarios and to learn and practice techniques for analyzing forest stands and developing prescriptions for their treatment. Laboratory projects include reports that explore the conceptual and technical rationale for silvicultural decisions. Fall.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 334 and FOR 534.

FOR 535 Advanced Forest Soils (3)
Three hours of lecture/discussion per week concerning the current state-of-the-art in forest soils. Effect of intensive forest management on soil, soil-site-species relationships, forest fertilization tree nutrition. Application of forest soils information to silviculture. Spring.
Prerequisite: FOR 332 or beginning courses in soils and silviculture.

FOR 538 Meteorology (3)
Three hours of lecture/discussion per week. An introduction to the atmospheric physical processes important to understanding weather and weather forecasting at the surface of the earth and macro-, synoptic-, meso-, and micro-climates. The emphasis is on synoptic and micro-scale phenomena. Students will learn how to access weather data on the Internet and use that data to forecast weather. At the micro-scale, emphasis is on describing conditions and projecting change. Fall.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 338 and FOR 538.

FOR 540 Watershed Hydrology (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. The course covers basic principles of physical hydrology, including the movement of water through hydrologic reservoirs on global and watershed scales, measurement and quantification of hydrological data, runoff generation processes and water quality in the natural environment. Course content includes precipitation, evapotranspiration, streamflow generation, and fundamentals of groundwater flow. Students are expected to apply course concepts to an independent research project. Fall.
Prerequisite or Co-requisite: Soils and/or Introductory Geology. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 340 and FOR 540.

FOR 545 Introduction to Soils (3)
Two hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Introduction to the fundamentals of soil science in the context of soil as an ecosystem component. Fall.
Prerequisite or Co-requisite: one semester of Introductory Chemistry or permission of instructor. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 345 and FOR 545.

FOR 546 Forest Soil Genesis, Classification, and Mapping (3)
Three hours of lecture per week during the first two-thirds of the semester. The last third of the semester is devoted to fieldwork and production of a soil map. Models of soil genesis, application of the U.S. system of soil taxonomy, and soil mapping. Spring.
Prerequisite: Introductory course in soil science.

FOR 556 Introduction to Raster GIS Analysis (3)
Two hours of lecture/discussion and three hours of laboratory per week. An application of raster Geographic Information System technology to the solution of spatial problems in the fields of planning, forest management, landscape architecture, biology, ecology, and engineering. Students learn how to obtain raster geographic data, convert it to different spatial coordinates, carry out spatial overlay analyses, produce effective maps, and write effective reports. Students complete a final project, prepare a comprehensive report and present the results to the class. Spring.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 356 and FOR 556.

FOR 557 Practical Vector GIS (3)
Two hours of lecture/discussion and three hours of laboratory per week. This course teaches the application of vector Geographic Information System technology to the solution of spatial problems and the analysis of spatial data in the fields of planning, forest management, landscape architecture, biology, ecology, and engineering. Students will learn how to obtain geographic data, convert it to different spatial coordinates, carry out spatial queries and overlay analyses, produce effective maps, and write effective reports. Students complete a final project, prepare a comprehensive report and present the results to the class. Fall.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 357 and FOR 557.

FOR 558 Advanced Topics in GIS (3)
Two hours of lecture/discussion and three hours of laboratory per week. This course builds on knowledge gained in introductory vector GIS courses and provides instruction in data structures, data models, between layer topologies, and geographic editing. Spring.
Prerequisite: FOR 357 or FOR 557 or equivalent experience with vector GIS.

FOR 560 Principles of Management (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. This course focuses on the basic theories, concepts, principles and functions of modern management and administration, with an emphasis on the four functions of management: leading, planning, organizing, controlling. The four functions of management are applied to the public and private sectors, as well as for profit and not-for-profit organizations. Environmental management systems, corporate ethics and social responsibility and systematic problem solving are among the principal topics emphasized. Graduate students lead the discussion of case studies and have a separate recitation section. Fall.
Prerequisite: graduate status. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 360 and FOR 560.

FOR 570 Forest Management Decision Making and Planning (3)
Two hours of lecture/discussion and three hours of laboratory per week. Introduction to the components of forest management decision making and planning. The topics include forest regulation, growth and yield, and harvest scheduling given that a landowner’s goals may include more than just commercial timber production. Sensitivity analysis of parameters used in forest management planning. Spring.
Prerequisites: FOR 322/522 and FOR 334/534 or permission of the instructor. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 370 and FOR 570.

FOR 573 Forest Operations (3)
Two hours lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Overview of forest roads and timber harvesting; planning, construction, and maintenance of forest roads; economic and environmental characteristics of harvesting systems; safety and health; wood procurement systems; and the role of forest operations in the broader context of forest management. Emphasis on application of knowledge, requiring a written report with a problem-solving focus. Fall.
Prerequisite: FOR 322 and FOR 334 or permission of instructor. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 373 and FOR 573.

FOR 615 Forestry Consulting and Wood Procurement (3)
Two hours of lecture, two hours of laboratory, and one hour of independent study per week. This course is designed to provide the skills and professionalism to succeed as forestry consultants and wood procurement foresters. Introduction to the structure of the forest products industry in the United States and more specifically the issues and challenges surrounding wood supply and forest management. Field exercises provide students the opportunity to assume the role of both a forestry consultant and wood procurement forester. Fall.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 415 and FOR 615.

FOR 620 Silvicultural Concepts and Applications (3)
Three hours of lecture or six hours of field studies and three hours of independent study per week. Advanced study of silviculture, including the conceptual basis for designing prescriptions to serve a variety of landowner objectives. Concurrent independent work on assigned projects enhances problem-solving skills related to stand analysis and prescription making. Reports articulate the conceptual basis for recommendations, and discuss likely outcomes based upon findings from research and computer simulations. Field exercises provide practical experience in implementing silvicultural prescriptions. Spring.
Prerequisite: previous studies in silviculture at the baccalaureate or higher level.

FOR 626 Plant Tissue Culture Methods (3)
Two hours of lecture and discussion and three hours of laboratory per week. Introduction to plant tissue culture for biotechnology research and as a propagation method. Emphasis will be on learning laboratory instrumentation and techniques for establishing cell cultures, producing transgenic cell lines, and regenerating whole plants. In addition to the scheduled lab exercises, an independent micropropagation or transformation project will be required. Fall.
Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. Note: Credit will not be granted for both BTC 426 and FOR/EFB 626.

FOR 630 Agroforestry (3)
Two hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. The productivity of stands of trees as well as aggregations of agricultural and forest tree crops in tropical and temperate agroforestry systems are examined from an ecophysiological perspective with an emphasis upon species and species-site interactions. Quantitative techniques and local agroforestry field trips are integrated with lecture material. Critically analyze ecological factors as the basis for sound agroforestry as well as plantation management. Fall, odd years.
Prerequisite: FOR 332 or FOR 323 or equivalent. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 430 and FOR 630.

FOR 635 Forest Soils and Their Analyses (3)
One hour of lecture, one hour of recitation, four hours of field and laboratory study of forest soils, emphasizing plant-soil relationships per week. Stress on quantification of plant-soil diagnostic techniques and their interpretation. Spring (odd years).
Prerequisite: FOR 446. Note: Background in physical and biological sciences recommended.

FOR 642 Watershed Ecology and Management (3)
Three hours of lecture and discussion per week. Introduction to watershed ecology and stream ecosystems. Interactions and linkages among upland, riparian and stream processes. Management and restoration associated with multiple uses of forest and rangelands. Explore influences of spatial and temporal scale, watershed and network position, disturbance regimes, and global change. Students will apply course concepts to an independent research project. Fall.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 442 and FOR 642.

FOR 645 Hydrological Techniques (2)
One hour of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Course will provide a hands-on learning experience in current instrument and measuring techniques in hydrology, meteorology and hydrogeology, necessary for research in the environmental sciences. The objective will be to explore the principles that govern the use of sensors and the operation of data acquisition systems. Spring.
Prerequisite: FOR 643. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 445 and FOR 645.

FOR 655 Advanced Forest Genetics and Tree Improvement (3)
Two hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. General principles of genetics as applied to conservation and utilization of genetic diversity of forest tree species. Topics include selection of elite trees, pollen testing, tissue culture and seed propagation, field-test design, and germplasm conservation and utilization. An independent research problem will be undertaken by the student. Spring.
Prerequisite: permission of instructor. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 455 and FOR 655.

FOR 660 Managing Vegetation Using Integrated Pest Management (3)
Two hours of lecture, two hours of laboratory, and one hour of independent study per week. Understanding and managing vegetation using principles and practices of Integrated Pest Management. Variety of problem plants (pests or weeds) are considered, including trees, in the context of terrestrial, non-crop ecosystems: natural areas; cultural landscapes and historic sites; and recreational trail, roadside, railroad, pipeline and powerline corridors. Individual research and management projects. Regular field trips and labs. Spring.
Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 460 and FOR 660.

FOR 665 Natural Resources Policy (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. Analysis and application of political, policy formation, and policy administration theories to natural resources. Examination of drivers of U.S. natural resources policies. Analysis of private lands, public lands, forest, wildlife, endangered species, water, fire, and certification policies. Focus is on U.S. natural resources policies. Spring.
Prerequisite: graduate standing.

FOR 670 Resource and Environmental Economics (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. An introductory course in resource and environmental economics. Apply economic theories and models to analyze decisions concerning the use of forest, marine, and water resources and to analyze policy tools for mitigating pollution created as a result of production and consumption. Fall.
Prerequisite: A course in economics.

FOR 675 Human Behavior and Recreation Visitor Management (3)
Three hours of lecture per week and a one-day field trip. Applies sociological and psychological concepts to: 1) individual preferences for recreation activities and settings, 2) description of recreation visitor behavior, 3) sources of management problems, 4) developing direct and indirect visitor management practices, and 5) recreation planning decisions necessary to manage recreation settings and experiences. Students have the opportunity to apply concepts to personal recreation experiences. Lectures concurrent with FOR 475, additional lectures, reading, and data analysis required. Spring.
Prerequisite: graduate standing, instructor permission. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 475 and FOR 675.

FOR 676 Ecotourism and Nature Tourism (3)
Three hours of instruction per week. Overview of ecotourism and nature tourism programs and efforts around the world. Community, business, and organizational structures necessary for managing ecotourism and nature tourism programs. Environmental, social, and economic impacts. One-day field trip. Graduate level readings, assignments, and exams. Fall.
Prerequisite: FOR 372. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 476 and FOR 676.

FOR 677 Recreation Research Theory and Application (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. The major components of this course are: 1) how to apply a theoretical construct to create operational definitions used in social science, 2) identification of the inter-disciplinary approaches/theories used to investigate social/recreation behavior, and 3) a comparison of the various methods used in social research. Students have the opportunity to apply class objectives to their personal research. Fall.
Prerequisite: graduate standing, instructor permission.

FOR 678 Wilderness and Wildlands Management (3)
Three hours of lecture per week and one, two-day, overnight field trip. Reviews the state and federal legislation and agency policies that frame the planning and management of public lands designated as wilderness or wildlands. Emphasizes the use of wilderness research information for adaptive management approaches to stewardship of and planning for protection of natural resources and human values. Fall.
Prerequisite: FOR 372 or equivalent. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 478 and FOR 678.

FOR 680 Urban Forestry (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. Evaluation and management of urban greenspace resources, with emphasis on urban trees, in the context of other values and management processes in urban areas. Class practice in evaluating urban greenspace and tree resources, development of a research paper on urban forestry. Spring.
Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 480 and FOR 680.

FOR 687 Environmental Law and Policy (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. Introduction to the approaches used in U.S. environmental law. Analysis of common law and statutory designs and strategies used to address environmental problems. Critically analyze common law environmental remedies, Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Endangered Species Act, hazardous waste, and other environmental laws. Fall.
Prerequisite: Course in American government or American history. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 487 and FOR 687.

FOR 688 Natural Resources Agencies and Administration (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. Advanced examination of the public agencies responsible for the management of natural resources and the political and legal constraints on their powers and procedures. Analysis of agency rule making, agency adjudication, disclosure of information, political controls over agencies, judicial review of agency action, and laws administered by natural resource agencies. Analysis and application of natural resource law agencies and public administration peer-review literature. Spring.
Prerequisite: A course in American government, American history, or natural resources or environmental policy. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 488 and FOR 688.

FOR 689 Natural Resources Law and Policy (3)
Three hours of lecture per week. An introduction to the law governing the management of natural resources. Examination of the history and constitutional basis of natural resources law, wildlife and biodiversity law, protected lands law, water law, rangelands law, minerals law, and forest law. Analysis and application of natural resources law research and commentary. Spring.
Prerequisites: FOR 665 or FOR 488/688 or a course in American government, natural resources or environmental policy, environmental law. Note: Credit will not be granted for both FOR 489 and FOR 689.

FOR 690 Seminar and Workshop on Natural Resources Policy and Management (3)
Six hours of discussion, seminar and group project laboratory work per week. Individual and team projects on policy and management to demonstrate the integration of principles and concepts. Oral and written presentations required. Spring.
Pre- or co-requisites: FOR 560, CMN 531.

FOR 694 Writing for Scientific Publication (3)
Three hours of lecture and discussion per week. Students will improve their skills in technical reporting by preparing a manuscript suitable for submission to a scientific journal. Topics include selection of an appropriate journal, design of effective figures and tables, sequential preparation of sections of the manuscript, writing tips, peer review and ethical issues. Fall and Spring.
Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.

FOR 695 Research Methods for Natural Resources (3)
Three hours of lecture and discussion per week. The conduct of scientific research in natural resources. Students design research questions and write a feasible research proposal. Issues include researchable questions, scientific literature, theory, practice, design, measurement, and analysis. Fall.
Pre- or co-requisite(s): Graduate student standing.

FOR 753 Advanced Natural Resource and Environmental Policy (3)
Three hours of lecture and discussion per week. Course takes a social history approach to examine the working principles forming the foundation for natural resource and environmental policies. These principles will be directed toward an appreciation of the institutional context for the domestic and global natural resource and environmental issues, and an understanding of the values, institutions, policies and rules, which govern societies and their relationship to their environment. Fall.
Note: Highly desired is previous coursework in public policy, natural resource or environmental policy, environmental law, public administration or property law.

FOR 770 Ecological Economics and Policy (3)
Three hours of seminar per week. A transdisciplinary approach to understand the interface of human and ecological systems, includes concepts and methods of ecologists, economists, and social scientists. Focus is on historical, conceptual and epistemological foundations. Draws on contemporary economic and policy thought, evolutionary biology, ecology, systems theory, social psychology, and environmental ethics. Spring.
Prerequisite: Graduate coursework in ecology or economics; doctoral student standing, or permission of instructor.

FOR 796 Special Topics in Forest Resources Management (1 - 3)
Lectures, seminars, and discussion. Advanced topics in resource management and policy. Check schedule of classes for details of subject matter. Fall and/or Spring.

FOR 797 Seminar (1)
Individual presentation and group discussion concerning current topics of concern to natural resources or their management. Fall and Spring.

FOR 798 Research Problems in Forest and Natural Resources Management (1 - 12)
Special investigation and analysis of forest and natural resources management topics. A study plan and a final written report are required. Fall and Spring.

FOR 898 Professional Experience/Internship (1 - 6)
Professional experience/internship which applies, enriches, or complements formal coursework. All professional experiences/internships must have a signed experience/internship agreement on record with the advisor. Graded on an “S/U” basis. Fall, Spring, and Summer.

FOR 899 Master’s Thesis Research (1 - 12)
Investigation leading to the completion of a Master’s thesis. Graded on an “S/U” basis. Fall, Spring, and Summer.

FOR 999 Doctoral Thesis Research (1 - 12)
Investigation leading to the completion of the doctoral thesis. Graded on an "S/U" basis. Fall, Spring and Summer.

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FTC

FTC 101 Trigonometry for Natural Resource Technicians (3)
Forty hours of lecture and sixteen hours of recitation conducted over a four-week period. A review of selected geometry and algebra topics, and an introduction to trigonometry and its applications. Emphasis on pythagorean theorem, quadratic equations, rectangular coordinate systems, right triangle trigonometry, oblique triangle trigonometry, the Law of Sines, the Law of Cosines and the graphing of trigonometric functions. Graphic calculator required. Summer.

FTC 105 Tree and Forest Biology (4)
A four-week summer program having 45 hours of lecture and 45 hours of lab. An introduction to the biology of trees and the diversity of animal life commonly found in forests. Field labs concentrate on biological relationships in Adirondack forests. Summer.
Pre- or co-requisite(s): Four credits in biology.

FTC 200 Dendrology (3)
Thirty-eight hours of lecture, 40 hours of field lab. A study of the distinguishing characteristics, growth features, distribution, site associations, commercial importance, and natural history of the major tree species of North America. Students will learn to identify forest species by both common and scientific names, from leaf, twig, or bark samples. Students learn seasonal field identification skills and see the habitats, associates, and place in succession of the predominant forest tree, shrub and herbaceous species in the Adirondack region. A number of exotic species will also be introduced. Fall.

FTC 202 Introduction to Surveying (4)
Fifty hours of lecture and 52 hours of field and laboratory time. An introduction to the theory and practice of plane surveying. Emphasis is on developing individual skills through small crew projects and handling typical surveying equipment in typical field situations. Lecture topics include the theory of measurements and errors, mathematics for plane surveying, introduction to field problems, introduction to map use and preparation, U.S. Public Land Survey System, and concepts of deed descriptions and record-keeping procedures. Students tour the record room at the county courthouse. Field projects include traversing, using forester’s and engineer’s tools and methods, mapping using field and office methods, and proficiency projects in handling typical surveying instruments. Fall.

FTC 204 Introduction to Forest Measurements and Statistics (4)
Sixty hours of lecture and 45 hours of field and laboratory time. A study of the tools and techniques used to measure primary forest products and inventory forest resources. Timber and wildlife habitat measurements are stressed, as is the professional presentation of forest inventory data in the form of technical reports. Various forest sampling and statistical methods are used and compared. Students participate in several field-oriented, hands-on exercises that reinforce the concepts and skills. Fall.
Pre- or co-requisites: FTC 200, FTC 202, FTC 208.

FTC 206 Forest Ecology (4)
Fifty-one hours of lecture and 53 hours of field time. Study of climate and soil factors and how these factors affect individual trees and the interaction of both within the forest community and the forest eco-system. Competition between forest species is covered in detail. The course introduces students to cover type mapping. Students present a detailed analysis of a forest transect in both written and oral form. Fall.

FTC 208 Spatial Analysis of Forest Resources (5)
Sixty-two hours of lecture and 65 hours of laboratory/field study. An introduction to computers and computer software commonly used in forestry and surveying. Interpreting ground features from aerial photographs. Making horizontal measurements from photographs. Producing maps using digital photo mapping software. Reading and interpreting maps and route surveys. Drafting skills are developed. Students must complete each unit within the course. Fall.

FTC 210 Leadership and Forest Technology (4)
Forty-two hours of lecture and 58 hours of laboratory time. Provides students with technical competence and decision-making abilities. Students receive training in the proper use, design, construction and maintenance of forest hand tools, chainsaws, and skidding equipment. Maps and route surveys, trail development, first aid and CPR are covered. Students learn about company and agency organization; the selection, placement, training, and evaluation of workers; managing crews and the techniques of foremanship; and human relations in the workplace, with emphasis on the special personnel problems of the forest and surveying industry. Safety hazards and the prevention, classification, and reporting of accidents are covered. A student must satisfactorily complete each unit within the course to receive a passing grade. Fall.

FTC 211 Silviculture (5)
Sixty hours of lecture and 80 hours of field laboratories. An introduction to silviculture and water resources management. In silviculture students learn about the regeneration and tending of forest stands, study the various silvicultural treatments used in the Northeast, and are introduced to silvicultural systems in other major forest regions. Lectures and field labs in water resources cover measurements taken at weather stations, snow courses, stream-gauging stations, and other stream sample points. The hydrologic cycle, concept of flow, and the water balance equation are studied in detail. Students learn the forest management practices used to control erosion and water quality. A student must satisfactorily complete both units within the course to receive a passing grade. Spring.

FTC 213 Forest Inventory Practicum (2)
Six hours of lecture and 64 hours of field and laboratory time. In this course a practical field problem requires students to use professional methods of collecting, analyzing and presenting forest resources inventory data. Inventory of the timber resource and the development of a forest type map are emphasized. Spring.
Pre- or co-requisite: FTC 204.

FTC 215 Timber Harvesting, Transportation, and Utilization (5)
Fifty-eight hours of lecture and 88 hours of laboratory. Acquaints the student with the basic harvesting methods and techniques, with emphasis on the Northeast, and explains how harvesting fits in with other forest uses. Students gain technical competence in timber sale contract administration and basic timber appraisal. Students also learn to administer, locate, design, construct and maintain a forest gravel road. Covers the various tissues of forest trees and how their growth and development are affected by internal and external factors. Differences in stem structure of the important commercial tree species are studied in the laboratory and then related to commercial uses of the wood. Spring.
Pre- or co-requisites: FTC 208, FTC 210.

FTC 217 Forest Protection (5)
Sixty-one hours of lecture and 44 hours of field instruction covers insects, tree diseases, and fire. Tree diseases are identified and impacts within the forest community discussed. Tree damaging insects are observed and pest management measures introduced. Fire ecology, behavior, prevention, and control are addressed. DEC-administered Federal Work Capacity Tests certify “Red Card” qualification. Spring.
Prerequisite(s): FTC 200, FTC 204, FTC 206, FTC 208, FTC 210.

FTC 219 . Introduction to Wildlife and Recreation Management (4)
Forty hours of lecture and 58 hours of field and laboratory time. Study of forest wildlife and recreation resources, their importance to humans, and the basic history, concepts and principles of wildlife management and forest recreation management. Technical aspects of managing wildlife and recreation resources to be emphasized include the field identification of bird and amphibian sounds, the development of environmental interpretation programs, trail and campground layout and construction, and resource inventory techniques. Students improve their communication skills by presenting papers and speeches on wildlife and recreation topics. Spring.

FTC 221 Forest Management Decision Making and Planning (3)
Thirty-eight hours of lecture and 48 hours of laboratory and fieldwork. Addresses the common problems met in organizing a forest property to best meet the goals of ownership. Techniques of growth and resource monitoring and the gathering and use of forest records are stressed. Examples and case studies of forest management and production activities are presented. A final project involves the application of information from many other FTC courses in a plan of management activities for an assigned forest property. Spring.
Pre- or co-requisites: FTC 204, FTC 206.

FTC 223 Introduction to Water Resources (1)
Ten hours of lecture and 16 hours of laboratory time. An introduction to water resources covering measurements taken at weather stations, snow courses, stream-gauging stations and other stream sample points. The hydrologic cycle, concept of flow and the water balance question are studied in detail. Students learn the management practices used to control erosion and water quality. Spring.
Prerequisite: FTC 202.

FTC 251 Advanced Surveying Measurements and Computations (5)
Fifty-five hours of lecture and 60 hours of field and laboratory time. Advanced survey measurements and computational techniques including traverse calculations, rectangular coordinates, statistical analysis of surveying data, state plane coordinates, meridian determination, partition of land, trigonometric leveling and horizontal control are explored. Students will make the necessary surveying measurements in the field and be expected to complete various surveying measurements using a programmable calculator and computer. Spring.
Pre- or co-requisite: FTC 202.

FTC 253 Survey Law (3)
Thirty-five hours of lecture and 30 hours field and laboratory time. A study of the methods of record room research, boundary line establishment by written and unwritten methods, case and statute law related to property surveying, registration of surveyors, liability of surveyors and professionalism. Spring.
Pre- or co-requisite: FTC 202.

FTC 255 Boundary Surveying (3)
Thirty hours of lecture and 45 hours of field and laboratory time. A study of the procedures necessary to conduct a retracement survey including preliminary office procedures, field practices, and preparation of final survey documents. Students will complete a retracement survey and use the compiled data in a mock trial. Spring.
Pre- or co-requisite: FTC 253.

FTC 257 Construction and Topographic Surveys (3)
Twenty-five hours of lecture and 60 hours of field and laboratory time. A study of the various methods and techniques used to perform construction and topographic surveys and develop topographic maps. Theory, mathematics and layout of circular, spiral and vertical curves will be covered. Layout of various construction projects including buildings, roads, pipelines and bridges will be discussed. Earthwork, slope staking, and cross-section calculations will also be covered. Students complete a topographic mapping project and develop maps both by hand and by computer-aided drafting techniques. Spring.

FTC 259 Introduction to Computer Aided Drafting and Design (4)
Fifty hours of lecture and 60 hours of field and laboratory time. An introduction to the concepts and procedures of using AutoCAD in conjunction with surveying programs to produce boundary, topographic and construction survey maps. Significant laboratory time dedicated to hands-on experience with software and hardware. Spring.

FTC 298 Independent Study in Forest Technology (1 - 6)
Independent study in forest technology to apply, enhance or supplement forest technology or related natural resource education. Objectives and scope of the project are negotiated in a learning contract between the student and instructor(s), with course admission based on permission of the instructor(s). Limited to those who have attended the complete regular SFT program, or those who have graduated from another forest technology program or a related natural resource program, or to students enrolled in any ESF program other than SFT. A maximum of six credit hours may be taken by any student in total. Semesters as arranged. Fall, Spring or Summer.