Question/Directive Set No. 1: What is silviculture? (10 points)

Question/Directive Set No. 2: What is the silvicultural system? How is it a plan for silvicultural activities? (5 points)

Question/Directive Set No. 3: We examined reverse J-shape diameter distributions and their use in uneven-aged silviculture. How does selection system silviculture refashion stands to fit this structure? What are the key ecological underpinnings that cause this structure to be sustainable (i.e., reproducible through time). (15 pts)

Question/Directive Set No. 4: What tree species are most often favored in selection system silviculture, and why? Why do some of these tree species pose a problem for sustainability? (10 pts)

Question/Directive Set No. 5: Compare and contrast single-tree selection and group selection silviculture in northern hardwood forests? Include reference to differences between the two regeneration methods in terms of practice and in terms of what types of tree species are favored. (10 pts)

Question/Directive Set No. 6: Sustainability is a defining construct with silviculture. Any manipulation of a forest must result in stand conditions that maintains site/stand productivity. What do we do in silviculture to maintain sustainable forest ecosystems? (10 pts)

Question/Directive Set No. 7: What is the purpose of timber harvesting in silviculture? (5 pts)

Question/Directive Set No. 8: Define crown class and discuss why its use to classify trees is important for silviculture. (10 pts)

Question/Directive Set No. 9: List and describe key characteristics of trees and tree communities that reflect prolonged effects of 100% relative stand density in even-aged stands. (10 pts)

Question/Directive Set No. 10: Describe differences/similarities between release treatments and thinning as practices of tending in silviculture. (5 pts)

Question/Directive Set No. 11: Compare and contrast four methods of thinning, with specific reference to relative changes in stand density and stand structure. (10 pts)

Question/Directive Set No. 12: When (stage of stand development) and why do we prune stands of trees (in terms of both timing – see stage of stand development – and stand value)? (10 pts)

Question/Directive Set No. 13: How does “shelterwood method” differ from “shelterwood system”? (5 pts)

Question/Directive Set No. 14: What is advance regeneration and why is it important in regenerating northern hardwood stands? (10 pts)

Question/Directive Set No. 15: Compare and contrast thinning and shelterwood, both technically and ecologically. (10 pts)

Question/Directive Set No. 16: Compare and contrast seed tree, shelterwood and clearcut methods for regenerating forest stands, both technically and ecologically. (10 pts)

Question/Directive Set No. 17: When is an even aged stand ready for regeneration? (10 pts)

Question/Directive Set No. 18: When is an even-aged stand ready for regeneration? (10 pts)

Question/Directive Set No. 19: Define “aesthetics” in terms of forest and natural resources management. How does “visual quality” relate to aesthetics? (5 pts)

Question/Directive Set No. 20: What are the most critical, negative impacts of logging on a forest site, and how do we minimize those impacts? (10 pts)

Question/Directive Set No. 21: What is a water bar and how is it used in forestry? (10 pts)

Question/Directive Set No. 22: On our last day of class I described for you the “Silviculture Surface.” The “Surface” is a conceptualization of factors I often use to determine if a timber harvest is silvicultural, or not. What are the key factors for making this determination? Where should practitionaers be on the surface? (10 pts)

ALSO, all must, in general:

1) understand and be able to demonstrate technical usage of stocking charts; and

2) understand and be able to demonstrate technical usage of a production function.

TWO PEOPLE ARE MISSING THE FINAL EXAM! YOU NEED A HARD COPY TO ANSWER THE LAST TWO QUESTIONS

E-mail Erik ASAP to work out a time to pick it up eblema@syr.edu