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B. V. Ramarao
Professor

310 Walters Hall
(315) 470-6513
(315) 470-6593 (fax)
bvramara@syr.edu

Research Interests

Fluid Particle Separations- Aerosol Filtration, Hydrosol Filtration,
Consolidation and dewatering of pulp Suspensions with applications in papermaking, Colloidal and Surface Phenomena.
Transport and thermodynamics of moisture in paper and other cellulosic materials.
De-inking of recycled pulps using flotation processes.
Digital Image Processing, Image Analysis, Digital Signal Processing.

Courses

PSE467 Papermaking Wetend Chemistry
PSE371 Fluid Mechanics
PSE477 Process Control

Graduate Advisees

Beth Arthur
bapeters@syr.edu

Degree Sought: PHD
Graduate Advisor(s): Ramarao
Area of Study: Paper and Bioprocess Engineering
Undergraduate Institute: SUNY ESF (PSE)
Previous Graduate Study: Syracuse University (MBA- undeclared )

Graduate Research Topic
Ink penetration in porous medium

Bhavin Bhayani
bvbhayan@syr.edu

Degree Sought: PHD
Graduate Advisor(s): Ramarao
Area of Study: ERE Paper and Bioprocess Engineering
Previous Graduate Study: Clarkson University (Civil Engineering )

Personal Statement
I have completed my Bachelor's in Civil & Environmental engineering from Kolhapur Institute of Engineering, India, and Masters in Civil Engineering from Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY and currently pursuing my PhD in Bioprocess Engineering in SUNY ESF, Syracuse, NY My interests include water and waste-water engineering, separation technologies and engineering management. Currently I am working on using different separation technologies for separating lignin from lignocellulosic biomass.

Graduate Research Topic
Studying the separation technologies such as Membrane filtration, Coagulation and centrifugation to separate lignin from lignocellulosic biomass

Home Page
Web Link

Somporn Chaiarrekij
schaiarr@syr.edu

Degree Sought: PHD
Graduate Advisor(s): Ramarao
Area of Study: Paper and Bioprocess Engineering
Previous Graduate Study: WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSI (PAPER SCIENCE ENGINE)

Scott Grieco
sagrieco@syr.edu

Degree Sought: PHD
Graduate Advisor(s): Ramarao
Area of Study: ERE Paper and Bioprocess Engineering

Lakshmi Rakesh Yasarla
lryasarl@syr.edu

Degree Sought: PHD
Graduate Advisor(s): Ramarao
Area of Study: ERE Paper and Bioprocess Engineering
Previous Graduate Study: Acharya Nagarjuna University (Biotechnology )

Links
Website

Graduate Research Topic
Tangential Flow Microfiltration of wood Extracts and mechanisms of fouling.Flocculation mechanisms of Wood extracts by Cationic Polymers.Membrane Filtration Pilot plant design.

Experience

Professor, SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry, 1997- current.
Associate Director, Empire State Paper Research Institute, 2003-current.
Acting Chair, Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry, 1999-2000.Associate Professor, SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry. 1992 -1997.
Associate Professor, SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry, 1992-1997.
Senior Fellow, Department of Chemical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore (1995-1996).
Adjunct Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University. 1988 -.
Assistant Professor, SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry, 1988-1992.
Research Associate, Department of Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University. 1986-1988.

Education

Ph. D. Chemical Engineering. Clarkson University, Potsdam NY 1986.
M. S. Chemical Engineering. Clarkson University, Potsdam NY 1982.
B. S. Chemical Engineering. University of Madras, India. 1980.

Memberships, Activities, Honors & Awards

INTERNATIONAL PAPER PHYSICS.

Session Chair and Organizing Committee:

2010: Tissue and Towel Drying. Progress in Paper Physics Seminar. McGill University, Montreal.
2009: Papermaking Research Symposium, University of Kuopio, Kuopio Finland.
2008: Wet End Forming. International Paper Physics Conference, Gold Coast, Australia.
2006: Image Analysis and Paper Structure. Progress in Paper Physics Seminar, Miami University, Oxford OH.
2004: Paper variation. Progress in Paper Physics Seminar, Technical University,Trondheim, Norway,
2003: International Paper Physics Conference, Victoria BC, Canada 2003.
2002: Progress in Paper Physics Seminar, Syracuse, NY 2002 (Meeting Program Chair).

American Institute of Chemical Engineers: AIChE

Director For Forest Products Division, Group 17.
Programming Chair, Forest Products Division, Group 17. 2005-Current.
2010: AIChE Annual Meeting & 1st International Congress on Energy: Sustaining Supplies.
Key Session Chair: 'Separation and Transport Processes in Lignocellulosic Treatment Processes." Salt Lake City, UT.
2009: "Separations Processes in Biorefineries." Nashville TN.
Session Co-Chair. ‘Nanotechnology in the Forest Products Industry.’ Annual Meeting, Cincinnati OH 2005.
Session Chair. ‘Fluid Mechanics and Rheology in the Forest Products Industry.’ AIChE Annual Meeting, Reno, NV (2001).
Session Chair. 'Transport Processes in the Forest Products Industry.' AIChE Annual Meeting, Dallas TX (1999).
Session Chair. ‘Transport Processes in the Forest Products Industry.’ AIChE Annual Meeting, Miami Beach, FL (1998).
Program Chair. Symposium on Moisture Interactions with Paper Materials. Empire State Paper Research Institute, Syracuse, N.Y. 1998.
Member, Tappi – Since 1988. (Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, USA).
Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers – Since 1986; Forest Products Division.

9th World Filtration Congress. American Filtration & Separation Society. New Orleans, LA:

Session Chair: Paper Making and Rheology of Suspensions. 2004.

TEHNICAL ASSOCIATION OF PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY,

Member since 1989; Fluid Mechanics Division

NASA - Space Alliance Technology Opportunity Program (SATOP).

Advised a small business on filter media. SATOP listed this as a success story and was extensively carried in the newsmedia in Florida. SATOP Award: Best partner in SATOP Alliances awarded to SUNY ESF, 2003.

University of Madras, India.

Dr. M. A. Govinda Rau Gold Medal and Alagappa Chettiar Memorial Prize Award for student graduating at the top of the B. Tech. Class with best academic record. (Out of approximately 150 students). (1975-1980).

Patents & Inventions

U. S. Patent, 5,954,922. (1999). ‘A method to determine pulp specific surface area, specific volume and compressibility characteristics on-line.’ B. V. Ramarao. Successfully commercialized with many units operating at industrial locations. This has spawned further modified instruments, which are in successful operation at pulp and paper industry and research center locations in North America, Europe, China and South America.
U. S. Patent Application. 20070079944. Product and processes from an integrated forest biorefinery. (2007). Amidon, T. E., Francis, R. C., Scott, G. M., Bartholomew, J. M., Ramarao, B. V., Wood, C. D.
International Patent Application: PCT/US2006/016118: ‘New product and processes from an integrated forest biorefinery.’ (2007). Amidon, T. E., Francis, R. C., Scott, G. M., Bartholomew, J. M., Ramarao, B. V., Wood, C.

Publications of B. V. Ramarao (Grouped by Area)

BOOK
Granular Filtration of Aerosols and Hydrosols. 2nd Edition, 2007. Chi Tien and B. V. Ramarao. Elsevier Publishing Co., New York NY.
1. BIOREFINERY SEPARATIONS PROCESSES
Journal Papers
55. G. V. Duarte, B. V. Ramarao, T. E. Amidon. "Colloidal stability and flocculation of lignocellulosic hydrolyzates." Bioresource Technol., 101, 8526-8534 (2010). 53. C. Tien, B. V. Ramarao, ‘On the analysis of dead-end filtration of microbial cells.’ J. Memb. Sci., 112, (2008). 52. H. J. Huang, S. Ramaswamy, B. V. Ramarao and U. Tschirner. ‘A review of separation technologies in current and future biorefineries.’ Sep. Pur. Tech., 62, 1 – 21 (2008). 50. S. Liu, T. E. Amidon, R. C. Francis, B. V. Ramarao, Y. Z. Lai and G. M. Scott. From forest biomass to chemicals and energy. Industrial Biotechnology 2: 113-120 (2006).	Lignocellulosic extracts seperated by flocculation [Duarte et al., 2010]
Contributions to Books & Conference Proceedings
41. Huang, H. J., Ramaswamy, S., Tschirner, U. W., Ramarao, B. V. "Separation and Purification processes for lignocellulose-to-bioalcohol production." In Bioalcohol production: Biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass, Ed. K. Waldron, Woodhead Publishing, CRC Press, 246-269 (2010). 40. Duarte, G. V., Ramarao, B. V., Amidon, T. E., Ferreira, P. 'Properties of kraft pulps from Hot water extracted Eucalyptus Pulps.' TECNICELPA Conference on Pulping and Papermaking, Lisbon, Portugal (2010).	Lignocellulosic extracts seperated by microfiltration [Hassan et al.,2010]
2. TRANSPORT PROCESSES IN FIBROUS & POROUS MEDIA
Journal Papers
54. R. Singh, S. Lavrykov and B. V. Ramarao. ‘Saturated permeability of pulp fiber mats with filler particles.’ Coll. Surf., Physicochem. Engng. A, 333, 1-2, 96-107 (2009). 47. A. Massoquette, S. Lavrykov, B. V. Ramarao, A. Goel and S. Ramaswamy. ‘The effect of pulp refining on lateral and transverse moisture diffusion in paper.’ Tappi J., 4, 12, 3-8 (2005).	X Ray Microtomographic reconstructions of paper and fibrous media for transport property studies[42,41,32,33,27,25]

45. A. Massoquete, S. Lavrykov and B. V. Ramarao. ‘Non-Fickian nature of moisture diffusion in paper.’ Journal of Pulp and Paper Sci.,31, 3, 121-127, (2005).
44. S. Lavrykov and B. V. Ramarao. ‘Axi-symmetric pore-fiber model for transport processes in paper.’ Nordic Pulp and Paper Res. J., 19, 3, (2004).
43. S. Lavrykov and B. V. Ramarao. ‘Transient hygroexpansion of paper: Experimental Results and Mathematical Model’, Nordic Pulp and Paper Res. J., 19, 2, 183-90 (2004).
42. S. Ramaswamy, M. Gupta, A. Goel, U. Aaltosalmi, M. Kataja, A. Koponen and B. V. Ramarao. ‘The 3 D structure of fabric and its relationship to liquid and vapor transport.’ Coll. Surf., A: Phys. Chem. Eng. Asp., 241, 323-333, (2004).
41. B. V. Ramarao, A. Massoquete, S. Lavrykov and S. Ramaswamy. ‘Moisture transport in paper materials in the hygroscopic range and characteristics of diffusion parameters.’ A review. DRT - Drying Technology, 21, 10, 2007-2056, (2003).
38. J. Liesen, B. Hojjatie, D. Coffin, S. Lavrykov, B. V. Ramarao and H. Beckham. ‘Through- plane diffusion of moisture in paper detected by MR Imaging Techniques.’ Ind. Engng. Chem. Res., 41, 25, 6555-6565 (2002).
35. S. Huang, A. Goel, S. Ramaswamy, B. V. Ramarao and D. Choi. “Transverse and in-plane characterization of the pore structure of paper.” APPITA Journal, 55, 3, 230-234 (2002).
34. A. Bandyopadhyay, B. V. Ramarao and S. Ramaswamy. “Transient moisture diffusion through paperboard materials.” Colloids and Surfaces A, Phys. Chem. Engng Aspects, 206, 455-467 (2002).
33. A. Bandyopadhyay, B. V. Ramarao and E. Shih. “Transient temperature, moisture and pressure fields in a paper sheet exposed to a traveling thermal pulse.” J. Imaging Sci. Tech. 45, 6, 1-14, (2001).
33. A. Goel, M. Tzanakakis, S. Huang, S. Ramaswamy, D. Choi and B. V. Ramarao. “Characterization of the Three-Dimensional Structure of Paper using X-Ray Microtomography.” Tappi J., 84, 5, 72-80 (2001).
32. A. Goel, M. Tzanakakis, S. Huang, S. Ramaswami, W. Hu, D. Choi and B. V. Ramarao. “Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy to Visualize and Characterize the Structure of Paper.” Fundamentals and Numerical Modeling of Unit Operations in the Forest Products Industries, AIChE Symp. Ser., 324, 96, 75-80 (2000).
30. H. Radhakrishnan, S. G. Chatterjee and B. V. Ramarao. “Steady State Diffusion of Moisture in Paper Board.” J. Pulp Paper Sci., 26, 4, 140-144 (2000).
29. A. Bandyopadhyay, H. Radhakrishnan, B. V. Ramarao and S. G. Chatterjee. “Moisture Sorption Response of Paper Subjected to Ramp Humidity Changes: Modeling and Experiments.” Ind. Eng. Chemistry, Research, 39, 219-226 (2000).
27. S. G. Chatterjee, B. V. Ramarao and C. Tien. ‘Water vapor sorption characteristics of a bleached kraft paperboard: A study of the hysteresis region.’ J. Pulp and Pap. Sci.23, 8, 366-374 (1997).

Contributions to Books and Conference Proceedings

39. Lavrykov, S., Ramarao, B. V., Solimeno, R., Singh, K. M. 'Thermal performance of copy papers during fusing.' Proc., NIP Conference 2010, Society for Imaging Science and Technology.
38. Ramarao, B. V., Lavrykov, S. 'Characterization of refined papermaking pulps using hydrodynamic parameters from filtration analysis.' Proc. TAPPI PaperCon 2010. 37. Lavrykov, S., Singh, R., Ramarao, B. V. ‘Compressiblity effects in the consolidation of pulp mats with filler particles.’ Proceedings of 14th Fundamental Research Symposium, Fundamental Research Society, Bury Lancashire, UK; (2009).
36. Y. Defrenne, V. Zhdankin, S. Takagaki,.,S. Ramaswamy, S. Lavrykov, B. V. Ramarao. ‘Multiscale moisture transport in paper: Impact of pore and fiber tortuosity and anisotropy.’ Proceedings of 14th Fundamental Research Symposium, Fundamental Research Society, Bury Lancashire, UK; (2009).
35. Choi, D., Lavrykov, S., Ramarao, B. V. ‘Simulation studies of delamination effects in the scoring and folding of paperboard.’ Proc. Intern. Pap. Phys. Conf., Gold Coast, Australia, 209-217 (2007).
34. Lavrykov, S., Ramarao, B. V. ‘Parameters for heat and moisture transport in paper sheets subjected to a temperature pulse in a hot roll nip.’ Proc. Intern. Pap. Phys. Conf., Gold Coast, Australia, 155-160 (2007).
33. Sameer, N., Markwei, M., Francis, R. C., Ramarao, B. V. ‘Recovery of catalytic molybdate from dilute solutions.’ Proc. PAPTAC Annual Meeting, Montreal, Quebec Canada, (2007).
32. Defrenne, Y., Zhdankin, V., Ramaswamy, S., Ramarao, B. V. ’Improved method to visualize and characterize high resolution X Ray Microtomography images of paper and board.’ Proc. Prog. Pap. Phys. Seminar, Miami University, Oxford OH, 116-118 (2006).
31. Choi, D., Lavrykov, S., Ramarao, B. V. ‘Plasticity and delamination effects under high flexural and rotational loading of paperboard.’ Proc. Progr. Pap. Phys. Seminar, Miami University, Oxfod OH, 52 (2006).
30. Singh, R., Lavrykov, S., Ramarao, B. V. ‘Saturated permeability of composites of pulp fibers and fillers.’ Proc. Progr. Pap. Phys. Seminar, Miami University, Oxford OH, 21 (2006).
29. Ramarao, B. V., Chaiarrekij, S. ‘Flotation deinking of recycled pulps.’ In – Proc. Conf. in Technology and Innovation in Sustainable Development, Khon-Kaen University, Thailand (2006).
28. S. Lavrykov, O. L. Lyne and B. V. Ramarao. ‘A mathematical model for the transient hygroexpansion of copy paper.’ Proc. Intern. Paper Phys. Conf., PAPTAC/TAPPI, Montreal Canada, 273-278 (2003).
27. A. Massoquete, S. Lavrykov, B. V. Ramarao and S. Ramaswamy. ‘Anisotropic moisture diffusion study on refined paper.’ Proc. Intern. Paper Phys. Conf., PAPTAC/TAPPI, Montreal Canada, 253-259 (2003).
26. M. Gupta, A. Goel, S. Ramaswamy, H. Pande and B. V. Ramarao. ‘Analysis of z-directional 3 D structural characteristics of commercial paper and handsheets.’ Proc. Intern. Paper Phys. Conf., PAPTAC/TAPPI, Montreal Canada, 85-88 (2003).
25. R. Holmstad, S. Ramaswamy, A. Goel, O. W. Gregersen and B. V. Ramarao. ‘Comparison of 3D structural characteristics of high and low resolution X-Ray microtomographic images of paper and board.’ Proc. Intern. Paper Phys. Conf., PAPTAC/TAPPI, Montreal Canada, 65-70 (2003).
24. S. Ramaswamy, B. V. Ramarao, A. Goel, G. Lee, D. Choi, S. Lavrykov. ‘Theoretical and Experimental investigation on liquid penetration in porous media.’ Progr. In Paper Physics Seminar, Syracuse NY, 136-140 (2002).
23. A. Goel, S. Ramaswamy. B. V. Ramarao and A. Massoquete, D. Boley. ‘Brownian motion random walk simulations in actual 3D structures of paper and board to evaluate their transport properties.’ Progr. Pap. Physics Seminar, Syracuse NY 226-230 (2002).
22. S. Das, T. Cresson and B. V. Ramarao. “Pulp Characterization using permeability measures: Effect of Refining.” 6th International Conf. On Pulp Refining, Toronto, ON. PIRA International, Leatherhead, Surrey, England (2001).
21. S. Das, B. V. Ramarao and T. Cresson. “Pulp Drainage and Filtration: Theoretical development and comparison with experiments.” 6th International Conf. On Pulp Refining, Toronto, ON. PIRA International, Leatherhead, Surrey, England (2001).

3. SEPERATION PROCESSES

51. N. Sameer, M. Markwei, B. V. Ramarao, R. C. Francis. ‘Recovery of Molybdate from Dilute Aqueous Solutions by Complexation with Cationic Surfactants and Extraction with Isobutanol.’ Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 47, 428-433 (2008).
49. C. Tien and B. V. Ramarao. ‘Cake Filtration Approaches – A criticism.’ AIChE Journal, 52, 5, 1971 (2006).

Morphology of CTAB Molybdate Complexes [51].

48. C. Tien and B. V. Ramarao. ‘On Analysis of cake formation and growth in cake filtration.’ J. Chin. Inst. Chem. Engrs., 37, 1, 81-94 (2006).
46. B. V. Ramarao and C. Tien. ‘Analysis of fine particle migration and retention in cake filtration.’ Ind. Engng. Chem. Research., 44, 1200-1210, (2005).
40. Chi Tien and B. V. Ramarao. ‘Validation of a new filtration technique for dewaterability characterization. Comments.’ AIChE Journal , 48(10), 2417-2418 (2002).
39. R. C. Francis, S. Chaiarrekij and B. V. Ramarao. ‘Pulp bleaching by the addition of peroxide to the D2 stage and recovery of molybdates by selective ion flotation techniques.’ J. Wood Chem. Tech., 23, 2, 113-129 (2003).
36. S. Das and B. V. Ramarao. “Inversion of lime mud and papermaking pulp filtration data to determine compressibility and permeability relationships.” Sep. Pur. Technol. 28, 149-160 (2002).
31. S. Chaiarrekij, H. Dhingra and B. V. Ramarao. “Deinking of Recycled Pulps by Column Flotation: Energy and Environmental Benefits.” Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 28, 219-226 (2000).
28. R. Vengimalla, G. G. Chase and B. V. Ramarao. “Modeling of filler retention in compressible fibrous media.” Separation and Purification Technology, 15, 2, 153-161 (1999).
26. C. Tien, R. Bai and B. V. Ramarao ‘Analysis of cake growth in cake filtration. The case of fine particle retention.’ AIChE J., 43, 1, 33-44 (1997).
25. R. Vengimalla, G. G. Chase and B. V. Ramarao. ‘Filler particle retention in paper fiber beds.' Separation and Purification Tech., 11 (1), 17-26 (1997).
24. H. L. Wei, P. Kumar, B. V. Ramarao and C. Tien. ‘Drainage and Fine particle retention in forming incompressible fibrous mat.’ J. Pulp and Pap. Sci., 22, 11, J1-6 (1996).
23. B. V. Ramarao and P. Kumar. ‘A model for the gravity drainage of pulp suspensions.’ Nordic Pulp and Paper Res. J. 11, 2, 86-94 (1996).
22. P. Kumar, H. L. Wei, B. V. Ramarao and M. Doshi. ‘Application of gravity drainage models to the freeness measurement of pulp suspensions.’ Chem. Eng. Comm., 152, 287-306 (1996).
21. S. N. Chakravarti, L. R. Schroeder, J. E. Unbehend and B. V. Ramarao. ‘Changes in Thermomechanical pulp on recycling.’ Progr. Paper Recycl., 1, 62-75, (1995).
20. B. V. Ramarao and H. Makkonen. ‘Upgrading recycled fiber stocks in the pulp and paper industry.’ Waste Management Research Report, 6, 1, 3-6 (1994).
19. B. V. Ramarao and C. Tien. ‘Fine particle retention in forming fibrous media.’ AIChE Symp. Ser., 90, 302, 190-204 (1994).
18. B. V. Ramarao and C. Tien. 'Concentration profiles in aerosol flows.' International J. Multiphase Flow. 20, 3, 569-578 (1994).
17. B. V. Ramarao, C. Tien and S. Mohan. 'Calculations of single fiber efficiencies for interception and impaction with superposed Brownian motion.' J. Aerosol Science. 25, 2, 295-313 (1994).
16. B. V. Ramarao and C. Tien. ‘Inertial enrichment of concentration in aerosol flows.' J. Colloid and Interface Science, 160, 487-490 (1993).
15. S. G. Kulkarni, B. V. Ramarao, J. M. Hassett and C. Tien. 'Dynamic modeling of the sedimentation of concentrated bidispersed suspensions.' Separations Technology, 3, 1-13 (1993).
14. B. V. Ramarao and C. Tien. 'Fine particle retention in forming fibrous cakes.' Advances in Filtration and Separation Technology, American Filtration Society, Volume 7, 13-24 (1992).
13. P. Kumar and B. V. Ramarao. 'Enhanced sedimentation of fibrous suspensions with buoyant particle promoters.' Invited Paper. Chemical Engineering Communications, 108, 381-401 (1991).
12. R. F. Storms, B. V. Ramarao and R. H. Weiland. 'Low shear rate viscosity of bidispersed suspensions.' Powder Technology, 63, 3, 247-259 (1991).
11. B. V. Ramarao and C. Tien. 'Role of Basset forces in particle deposition in stagnation flows.' J. Aerosol Science, 21, 5, 597-611 (1990).
10. B. V. Ramarao and R. H. Weiland. 'Image processing and analysis of sedimenting suspensions.' Fluid Particle Separation Journal, 3, 1, 1-18 (1990).
9. W. F. Allen, B. V. Ramarao and R. H. Weiland. 'Continuous sedimentation of model suspensions promoted by rigid buoyant particles.' Separations Technology, 1, 55-62 (1990).
8. B. V. Ramarao. 'Image analysis of particle deposits in model fibrous filters.' Fluid Particle Separation Journal, 2, 2, 85-94 (1989).
7. B. V. Ramarao and C. Tien. 'Aerosol particle deposition in two dimensional stagnation point flow.' J. Aerosol Science, 20, 7, 775-785 (1989).
6. B. V. Ramarao and C. Tien. 'On the extension of mass transfer j-factor correlations to the collection efficiency of fibrous filters.' Aerosol Science & Technology, 11, 58-64 (1989).
5. B. V. Ramarao and C. Tien. 'Calculations of drag force on particle dendrites.' Aerosol Science & Technology, 8, 81-95 (1988).
4. B. V. Ramarao and C. Tien. 'Stochastic simulation of aerosol deposition in model fibrous filters.' AIChE Journal, 34, 2, 253-262 (1988).
3. R. H. Weiland, Y. P. Fessas and B. V. Ramarao. 'On instabilities arising during sedimentation of two component mixtures of solids.' J. Fluid Mechanics, 142, 383-389 (1984).
2. B. V. Ramarao and W. R. Wilcox. 'Influence of oscillatory and ramped freezing rates on off-eutectic solidification of composite materials.' J. Crystal Growth, 63, 39-46 (1983).
1. B. V. Ramarao, W. R. Wilcox and W. L. Briggs. 'Stage II initial transient in off-eutectic solidification.' J. Crystal Growth, 59, 557-564 (1982).

Presentations & Seminars

2009

“Characteristics of Papermaking Pulps.” Papermaking Research Symposium, University of Kuopio, Kuopio FINLAND.
“Membrane Separation of Wood Hydrolyzates” PIRA International Conference on the Biorefinery, Helsinki, FINLAND.

2008

“Dynamics and Delamination of Fibrous Materials and Paperboard.” MeadWestvaco Corporation, Raleigh NC.
“X Ray Microtomography for Paper.’ Specialty Minerals Inc., Bethlehem PA.
“Consolidation of fibrous media.’ Hercules Inc., Wilmington DE.
“X Ray Microtomography for Paper.’ International Paper Co., Corporate Technology Center, Loveland.
“Consolidation of fibrous media.’ International Paper Co., Corporate Technology Center, Loveland OH.

B. V. Ramarao Professor