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Orchids Found in Rich Mesic
Sites
Puttyroot,
Adam and Eve
Aplectrum hyemale (a-PLEC-trum hi-e-MA-lee)
Blooms: May through June
Appearance: Produces a single ribbed, elliptical leaf just before
winter, 4 - 8” long, appressed to the ground. The leaf fades in the
next season, then a 4 - 8” long flower stalk is produced, with 6
- 10 violet to yellow/white flowers.
Rarity: Rare, E (State), G5 S1 (TNC)
Coeloglossum viride (see-lo-GLOSS-um VUR-i-dee)
Blooms: May through August
Appearance: Plant height varies between 8 - 20” with long lance-shaped bracts below the small greenish-yellow flowers. Flowers number between 5 - 35.
Rarity: Occasional, V (State)
Spotted
coral-rootCorallorhiza maculata (cor-a-lo-RYE-sa mac-u-LAY-ta)
Blooms: July through August
Appearance: With leafless stems, pinkish-purple to yellow, 8 - 24” tall. Up to 40 flowers can appear on the stalk, with a white, purple spotted lip.
Rarity: Local to occasional, V (State)
Comments: A saprophytic species, containing no chlorophyll, obtaining all its nutrients from its mycorrhizal association.
Autumn
coral-rootCorallorhiza odontorhiza (cor-a-lo-RYE-sa oh-don-toe-RYE-za)
Blooms: August through September
Appearance: With leafless flower stalks, yellow-brown to purple, up to 8” tall. Flowers often remain closed, but when open have a white lip with purple spots.
Rarity: Rare to local, V (State)
Comments: The latest blooming coral-root in NY. A saprophytic species, containing no chlorophyll, obtaining all its nutrients from its mycorrhizal association.
Ram’s-head
lady’s-slipperCypripedium arietinum (sip-re-PEE-dee-um ar-ee-TIE-num
Blooms: May through June
Appearance: The smallest lady’s-slipper found in NY, up to 12” tall. The flower has a small, white, conical pouch streaked with reddish/purple veins.
Rarity: Rare to local, T (State), G3 S2 (TNC)
Comments: Can also appear in drier forests and northern white-cedar swamps.
Cypripedium parviflorum (sip-re-PEE-dee-um
par-vi-FLOR-um)Blooms: May through July
Appearance: Ranges in height from 8 - 30”, with several egg-shaped leaves per stem. Flowers consist of two brownish, twisted lateral petals and a showy bright yellow pouch.
Rarity: Local, V (State)
Comments: Occurs throughout the state, can also be found in fens and northern white-cedar swamps.
Showy
orchisGalearis spectabilis (gal-ee-AR-iss spect-TA-bi-liss)
Blooms: May through June
Appearance: With two 4” long, broadly elliptical basal leaves with a single 4 - 8” flower stalk with 3 - 15 white flowers. The showy flower lip is pink to mauve.
Rarity: Rare to local, V (State)
Goodyera repens (good-YER-a REE-pens)
Blooms: July through August
Appearance:
With bluish-green basal leaves smaller than 1.5”, with a network of
whitish veins. Flowers borne on a 4 - 8” flower spike with few to many
small whitish flowers on one side of the spike.Rarity: Occasional , V (State)
Comments: In shady, cool woods, often dominated by conifers. The smallest Goodyera species in NY. Leaves often persist through the winter.
Isotria medeoloides (eye-SEW-tree-a med-ee-o-
LOY-deez)Blooms: May through July
Appearance: With a stout hairless stem that ends in a whorl of 5- 6 leaves supporting 1 - 2 yellowish flowers.
Rarity: Rare, T (Federal), E (State), G2G3 S2 (TNC)
Comments: Not seen in NY for at least 20 years, one of the two federally listed orchids in NY.
Large
whorled pogoniaIsotria verticillata (eye-SEW-tree-a vur-tiss-I-LAY-ta)
Blooms: May through June
Appearance: Plants are up to 12” tall, with each stem ending in a whorl of 5 - 6 leaves. Flowers are solitary, with varying colors of yellowish-brown, purple and pale yellow-green.
Rarity: Occasional, V (State)
Comments: Stems are purple, unlike the green stems of the rare small whorled pogonia (Isotria medeoloides).
Large
twayblade, purple twaybladeLiparis lilifolia (LIP-ar-iss lil-I-ee-FOE-lee-a)
Blooms: June through July
Appearance: Has two large, glossy elliptical leaves about 4” tall, with a 4 - 10” flower stalk with supports 5 - 30 pale green to purple flowers.
Rarity: Rare, T (State), G5 S2 (TNC)
Blooms: June through August
Appearance: A small plant, 2 - 3” tall with a pair of elliptical leaves clasping the stem. Can have 4 - 15 small flowers, watery green in color. Similar in appearance to the broad-lipped twayblade (Listera convalarioides).
Rarity: Rare, E (State), G3 S1 (TNC)
Comments: Common in alder (Alnus rugosa) thickets.
Listera convallarioides (LIS-ter-a con-val-er-ee-OY-deez)
Blooms: June through August
Appearance: Has a pair of broad, elliptical leaves with no stalks, about 2” long. Displays up to 20 yellowish-green flowers with a prominent flat lip.
Rarity: Rare, E (State), G5 SH (TNC)
Comments: Has not been seen in NY since the early 20th century.
Platanthera cristata (pla-TAN-ther-a cris-TAY-ta)
Blooms: July through August
Appearance: Similar to the yellow fringed orchid (Platanthera ciliaris), 5 - 10”
tall with grass-like leaves clasping the stem. Flowers small, 12 - 60 in number, orange to yellow with a fringed lip.
Rarity: Rare, E (State), G5 S1 (TNC)
Comments: The only known population in NY is from a limited area on Long Island.
Platanthera hookeri (pla-TAN-ther-a HOOK-er-eye)
Blooms: May through July
Appearance: Has two roundish basal leaves about 5” in diameter with a smooth green flower stalk containing 8 - 20 small, greenish-yellow flowers.
Rarity: Rare, E (State), G5 S1S2 (TNC)
Platanthera macrophylla (pla-TAN-ther-a mac-ro-PHIL-a)
Blooms: June through August
Appearance: A tall species, 12 - 30” tall with 1” greenish-white flowers surrounding the stem. Flower spur prominent, about 0.5” long. Leaves large and elliptical, in a pair at the base of the plant.
Rarity: Local, V (State)
Comments: Similar in appearance to the round-leaved orchid (Platanthera orbiculata).
Round-leaved
orchid, pad-leafPlatanthera orbiculata (pla-TAN-ther-a or-bic-u-LAY-ta)
Blooms: June through August
Appearance: Has two large elliptical basal leaves, 4 - 10” long, that rest on the ground. The flower stalk is 12 - 24” long, holding 10 - 20 greenish-white flowers with a noticeable spur protruding from the rear.
Rarity: Local to occasional, V (State)
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