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Yanai Publications by Topic

Nutrient Cycling (*indicates student contributor):

Pu, G., J.L. Campbell, M.B. Green, J.L. Merriam, D. Zietlow, and R.D. Yanai. 2023. Uncertainty in stream water fluxes of solutes at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. Hydrological Processes, 37(8), e14961 doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14961 | PDF

Young, A.R.*, R. Minocha, S. Long, J. E. Drake, and R.D. Yanai. 2023. Responses of physical, chemical, and metabolic leaf characteristics to depth within mature sugar maple crowns and to nitrogen and phosphorus addition. Tree Physiology, tpad043. DOI:10.1093/treephys/tpad04 | PDF

Gonzales, K.E.*, R.D. Yanai, T.J. Fahey, and M.C. Fisk. 2023. Evidence for P limitation in eight northern hardwood stands: Foliar concentrations and resorption by three tree species in a factorial N by P addition experiment. Forest Ecology Management, 529: 120696, Forest Ecology Management Volume 529 Journal article link PDF

Hong D.S.*, K.E. Gonzales, T.J. Fahey, and R.D. Yanai. 2022. Foliar nutrient concentrations of six northern hardwood species responded to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization but did not predict tree growth. PeerJ 10:e13193 PeerJ Life & Environment Journal article link | PDF

See, C.R., R.D. Yanai, and T.J. Fahey. 2019. Shifting N and P concentrations and stoichiometry during autumn litterfall: Implications for ecosystem monitoring. Ecological Indicators, 103:488-492. Ecological Indicators Journal article linkPDF

Gonzales, K.E*. and R.D. Yanai. 2019. Nitrogen-phosphorus interactions in young northern hardwoods indicate P limitation: foliar concentrations and resorption in a factorial N by P addition experiment. Oecologia, 189(3):829-840. Ecosystem ecology Journal article linkPDF

Yang, Y*., R.D. Yanai, C.R. See, and M.A. Arthur. 2017. Sampling effort and uncertainty in leaf litterfall mass and nutrient flux in northern hardwoods. Ecosphere, 8(11):e01999. 10.1002/ecs2.1999.  PDF

Bae, K.*, T.J. Fahey, R.D. Yanai, and M.Fisk. 2015.  Soil Nitrogen Availability Affects Belowground Carbon Allocation and Soil Respiration in Northern Hardwood Forests of New Hampshire. Ecosystems 18: 1179-1191 DOI: 10.1007/s10021-015-9892-7  | PDF

See, C.R.*, R.D. Yanai, M.C. Fisk, M.A. Vadeboncoeur, B.A. Quintero, and T.J. Fahey. 2015. Soil nitrogen affects phosphorus recycling: foliar resorption and plant-soil feedbacks in a northern hardwood forest.  Ecology 96:2488-2498.  Ecology Volume 96 Issue 9 | PDF

Vadeboncoeur, M.A., S.P. Hamburg , R.D. Yanai , J.D. Blum.  2014.  Rates of sustainable forest harvest depend on rotation length and weathering of soil minerals. Forest Ecology and Management 318: 194-205.  doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2014.01.012   PDF

Fisk, M.C., T.J. Ratliff, Goswami, S., and R.D. Yanai. 2014. Synergistic soil response to nitrogen plus phosphorus fertilization in hardwood forests. Biogeochemistry  118(1-3): 195-204. DOI: 10.1007/s10533-013-9918-1  PDF

Vadeboncoeur  MA, SP Hamburg, JD Blum, MJ Pennino, RD Yanai, and CE Johnson.  2012.  The Quantitative Soil Pit Method for Measuring Belowground Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks.  Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J, 76(6):2241-2255  http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2012.0111 PDF

Yanai, R.D., C.R. Levine, M.B. Green, and J.L. Campbell. 2012. Quantifying Uncertainty in Forest Nutrient Budgets J. For.  110(8):  448-456 Journal of Forestry Journal Article link

Yanai, R.D., M.A. Arthur, M. Acker, C.R. Levine and B.B. Park.  2012. Variation in mass and nutrient concentration of leaf litter across years and sites in New Hampshire northern hardwoods.   Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42(8): 1597-1610. Canadian Science Publishing Journal article link 

Park, B. B.*, M.S. Cho, S.W.Lee,  R.D. Yanai,  and D.K. Lee.  2012.  Minimizing nutrient leaching and improving nutrient use efficiency of Liriodendron tulipifera and Larix leptolepis in a container nursery system. New Forests 43:  57-68.  New Forests Journal Article link  PDF

Fatemi, F.R.*, R.D. Yanai, S.P Hamburg, M.A. Vadeboncoeur, M.A. Arthur, R.D. Briggs and C.R. Levine.  2011. Allometric equations for young northern hardwoods: the importance of age-specific equations for estimating aboveground biomass.  Can. J. For. Res. 41: 881-891. Canadian Journal of Forest Research Journal Article link   PDF

Park, B.B.* and R.D. Yanai.  2009.  Nutrient concentrations in roots, leaves and wood of seedling and mature sugar maple and American beech at two contrasting sites.  Forest Ecology and Management. 258 (7): 1153-1160 PDF  

Yanai, R.D., R.H. Germain, N.M. Anderson, T.A. Coates, and A.K. Mishler.  2009. Heart size of sugar maple sawlogs across the northeastern United States.  Journal of Forestry 107(2):  95-100 

Yanai, R.D., J.D. Blum, S.P. Hamburg, M.A. Arthur, C.A. Nezat, T.G. Siccama.  2005.  New insights into calcium depletion in northeastern forests.  Journal of Forestry. 103: 14-20.  

Hamburg, S,P., R.D. Yanai, M.A. Arthur, J.D. Blum and T.G. Siccama.  2003.  Biotic control of calcium cycling in northern hardwood forests: acid rain and aging forests.  Ecosystems 6: 399-404.  PDF

Fahey, T.J., T.G. Siccama, C.T. Driscoll, G.E. Likens, J. Campbell, C.E. Johnson, J.D. Aber, J.J. Cole, M.C. Fisk, P.M. Groffman, R.T. Holmes, P.A. Schwarz, and R.D. Yanai. 2005. The biogeochemistry of carbon at Hubbard Brook. Biogeochemistry. 75 (1): 109-176.PDF

Arthur, M. A., T.G. Siccama, and R.D. Yanai.  1999.  Calcium and magnesium in wood of six northern hardwood forest species: relations to site characteristics.  Can. J. For. Res. 29:339-346. PDF

Yanai, R.D., M.Twery, and S.L. Stout.  1998.  Woody understory reponse to changes in overstory density: thinning in Allegheny Hardwoods.  Forest Ecol. Manag. 102:45-60. 

Yanai, R.D.  1998.  The effect of whole-tree harvest on phosphorus cycling in a northern hardwood forest. Forest Ecol. Manag. 104:281-295.

Yanai, R.D.  1992.  The phosphorus budget of a 70-year old northern hardwood forest.  Biogeochemistry 17:1-22.  

Yanai, R.D.  1991.  Soil solution phosphorus dynamics in a whole-tree-harvested northern hardwood forest. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55:1746-1752.  

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Uncertainty (*indicates student contributor):

Yanai, R.D., J.E. Drake, H.L. Buckley, B.S. Case, P. Lilly, and R.C. Woollons. 2024. Propagating uncertainty in predicting individuals and means illustrated with foliar chemistry and forest biomass. Ecosystems, https://10.1007/s10021-023-00886-6 | PDF

Pu, G., J.L. Campbell, M.B. Green, J.L. Merriam, D. Zietlow, and R.D. Yanai. 2023. Uncertainty in stream water fluxes of solutes at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. Hydrological Processes, 37(8), e14961 doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14961 | PDF

Yanai, R.D., J.E. Drake, H.L. Buckley, B.S. Case, P. Lilly, and R.C. Woollons. 2024. Propagating uncertainty in predicting individuals and means illustrated with foliar chemistry and forest biomass. Ecosystems, 27:259-264. https://10.1007/s10021-023-00886-6 | PDF

Sahu, S.K., K.S. Bakar, J. Zhan, J.L. Campbell, and R.D. Yanai., 2020. Spatio-temporal Bayesian modeling of precipitation using rain gauge data from the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. Joint Statistical Meetings Proceedings, Statistical Computing Section. Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association. pp.77-92. PDF

Yanai, R.D., C. Wayson, D. Lee, A.B. Espejo, J.L Campbell, M.B. Green, J.M. Zukswert*, S.B. Yoffe, J.E. Aukema, A.J. Lister, and J.W. Kirchner , and J.G.P. Gamarra. 2020. Improving Uncertainty in Forest Carbon Accounting for REDD+ Mitigation Efforts. Environmental Research Letters, 15:24002. Environmental Research Letters link 

See, C.R., M.B. Green, R.D. Yanai, A.S. Bailey, J.L. Campbell, and J. Hayward. 2020. Quantifying uncertainty in annual runoff due to missing data. PeerJ, 8:e9531.  PeerJ Life & Environment Journal Article link | PDF

Yanai, R.D. T.A. Mann, D. Hong, G. Pu, and J.M. Zukswert. The Current State of Uncertainty Reporting in Ecosystem Studies: A Systematic Evaluation of Peer-Reviewed Literature. Ecosphere, 12( 6):e03535. Ecosphere Special Feature Uncertainity Analysis Journal Article link

Yang, Y*., R.D. Yanai, N. Schoch, V.L. Buxton, K.E. Gonzales, D.C. Evers, and G.G. Lampman. 2019. Determining optimal sampling strategies for monitoring mercury and reproductive success in common loons in the Adirondacks of New York. EcotoxicologyEcotoxicology Journal article link 

Mobley, M.L., Y. Yang , R.D. Yanai, K. A. Nelson, A.R. Bacon, and D. D. Richter. 2018. How to estimate statistically detectable trends in a time series: A study of soil carbon and nutrient concentrations at the Calhoun Long-Term Soil-Ecosystem Experiment. Soil Science Society of America Journal, online.  PDF

Campbell, J.L., M.B. Green, R.D. Yanai, C. Woodall, S. Fraver, M. Harmon, M. Hatfield, C. Barnett, C. R. See, and G. Domke. 2018. Estimating uncertainty in the volume and carbon storage of downed coarse woody debris. Ecological Applications, 29(2):e01844.  Ecological Applications Volume 29 Issue 2 Journal article link.  PDF

Yanai, R.D., C.R. See, J. L. Campbell. 2018. Current practices in uncertainty analysis in ecosystem ecology.  Ecosystems, 21(5):971-981. DOI: 10.1007/s10021-017-0197-x. 

Green, M.B, J.L. Campbell, R.D. Yanai, S.W. Bailey, A.S. Bailey, N. Grant, I. Halm, E.P. Kelsey, and L. E. Rustad. 2018. Downsizing a long-term precipitation network: using a quantitative approach to inform difficult decisions. PLOS One, doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195966. PDF

Yang, Y.*, R.D. Yanai, C.R. See, and M.A. Arthur. 2017. Sampling effort and uncertainty in leaf litterfall mass and nutrient flux in northern hardwoods. Ecosphere, 8(11):e01999. 10.1002/ecs2.1999. 

Fahey, T.J., R.D. Yanai, K.E. Gonzales, and J.A. Lombardi. 2017. Sampling and processing roots from rocky forest soils. Ecosphere, 8(6) DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1863. Ecosphere Volume 8 Issue 6 Journal Article link | PDF

Campbell, J.L., R.D. Yanai, M.B. Green, G.E. Likens, C.R. See, A.S. Bailey, D.C. Buso, and D. Yang. 2016.  Uncertainty in the net hydrologic flux of calcium in a paired-watershed harvesting study. Ecosphere, 7(6): e01299. DOI:10.1002/ecs2.1299  PDF

Paré, D., G.Z. Gertner, P.Y. Bernier, and R.D. Yanai. 2016. Quantifying uncertainty in forest measurements and models:  Approaches and applications. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 46(3):v. 10.1139/cjfr-2016-0029.  PDF

Aulenbach, B.T.,  D.A. Burns, J.B. Shanley, R.D. Yanai, K. Bae, A.D. Wild, Y. Yang, and D. Yi. 2016. Approaches to stream solute load estimation for solutes with varying dynamics from five diverse small watersheds. 2016.  Ecosphere, 7(6) e01298.  DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1298  PDF

Campbell, J.L., R.D. Yanai, M.B. Green, G.E. Likens, C.R. See, A.S. Bailey, D.C. Buso, and D. Yang. 2016.  Uncertainty in the net hydrologic flux of calcium in a paired-watershed harvesting study. Ecosphere, 7(6): e01299. DOI:10.1002/ecs2.1299  PDF

Yang, Y.*, R.D. Yanai, F.R. Fatemi, C.R. Levine, P.J. Lilly, and R.D. Briggs. 2016.  Sources of variability in tissue chemistry in northern hardwood species.  Canadian Journal of Forest Research.  46(3):285-296 DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2015-0302 

Yanai, R.D., N. Tokuchi, J.L. Campbell, M.B. Green, E. Matsuzaki, S.N. Laseter, C.L. Brown, A.S. Bailey, P. Lyons, C.R. Levine, D.C. Buso, G.E. Likens, J. Knoepp, K. Fukushima. Sources of uncertainty in estimating stream solute export from headwater catchments at three sites. Hydrological Processes. in press (Early View & Open Access). DOI: 10.1002/hyp.10265 Abstract | HTML | PDF

Levine, C.R.*, R.D. Yanai, G.G. Lampman, D.A. Burns, C.T. Driscoll, G.B. Lawrence, J.A. Lynch, and N. Schoch. 2014.  Evaluating the efficiency of environmental monitoring programs. Ecological Indicators.   39: 94 - 101.  DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.12.010 PDF (with erratum) | Ecological Indicators Volume 39 Article link

Yanai, R.D., C.R. Levine*, M.B. Green, and J.L. Campbell. 2012. Quantifying uncertainty in forest nutrient budgets.  J. For.  110(8):  448-456 Journal of Forestry Volume 110 Issue 8 Article link 

Campbell, J., R. Yanai, and M. Green. 2011. Estimating Uncertainties in Watershed Studies. Eos Trans. AGU. 92(26):220 Journal article link PDF

Yanai, R.D., J.J. Battles, A.D. Richardson, E.B. Rastetter,  D.M. Wood, and C. Blodgett.  2010. Estimating uncertainty in ecosystem budget calculations.  Ecosystems 13(2): 239-248. 

Yanai, R.D., S.V. Stehman, M.A. Arthur, C.E. Prescott, A.J. Friedland, T.G. Siccama, and D. Binkley.  2003.  Detecting change in forest floor carbon.  Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 67:1583-1593.  https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.1583

Williams, M., and R.D. Yanai.  1996.  Multi-dimensional sensitivity analysis and ecological implications of a nutrient uptake model.  Plant and Soil 180:311-324.   PDF

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Methodology (other than Uncertainty) (*indicates student contributor):

Lin, J., J.G.P. Gamarra, J.E. Drake, A. Cuchietti, and R.D. Yanai. 2023. Scaling up uncertainties in allometric models: How to see the forest, not the trees. Forest Ecology Management, 537: 120943. Canadian Journal of Forest Research Article link 

Yanai, R.D., A.R. Young, J.L. Campbell, J.A.Westfall, C.J. Barnett, G.A. Dillon, M.B. Green, and C.W. Woodall. Measurement error in a national forest inventory: results from the Northern Region of the USA. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 53(3): 163-177 DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2022-0062| PDF

Yang Y.*, R.D. Yanai, M. Montesdeoca and C.T. Driscoll.  2017. Measuring mercury in wood: challenging but important. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry,  456-67: DOI:10.1080/03067319.2017.1324852. 

Vadeboncoeur  MA, SP Hamburg, JD Blum, MJ Pennino, RD Yanai, and CE Johnson.  2012.  The Quantitative Soil Pit Method for measuring belowground carbon and nitrogen stocks.  Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 76(6):2241-2255  Soil Science Society of American Journal Volume 76 Issue 6 Article link  PDF

Levine, C.R.*, R.D. Yanai, M.A. Vadeboncoeur, S.P. Hamburg, A.M. Melvin, C.L. Goodale, B.M. Rau, and D.W. Johnson. 2012.  Assessing the suitability of using rotary corers for sampling cations in rocky soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal.  76 (5): 1707-1718   Soil Science Society of American Journal Volume 76 Issue 5 link  PDF

Lucash, M.S.*, R.D. Yanai, J.D. Blum and B.B. Park. 2012.  Foliar nutrient concentrations related to soil sources across a range of sites in the northeastern United States. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 76(2): 674-683. Soil Science Society of America Journal Volume 76 Issue 2 link  PDF

Yanai, R.D., M.A. Arthur, M. Acker, C.R. Levine and B.B. Park.  2012. Variation in mass and nutrient concentration of leaf litter across years and sites in New Hampshire northern hardwoods.   Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42(8): 1597-1610. CJFR Journal Article link 

Fatemi, F.R.*, R.D. Yanai, S.P Hamburg, M.A. Vadeboncoeur, M.A. Arthur, R.D. Briggs and C.R. Levine.  2011. Allometric equations for young northern hardwoods: the importance of age-specific equations for estimating aboveground biomass.  Can. J. For. Res. 41: 881-891. CJFR Journal Article link   PDF

Blum, J.D., S.P. Hamburg, R.D. Yanai, M.A. Arthur.  2012. Determination of foliar Ca/Sr discrimination factors for six tree species in northern hardwood forests, New Hampshire, USA. Plant Soil 356(1): 303-314  Plant and Soil Journal Article link .| PDF

Wielopolski, L.,  R.D. Yanai, C.R. Levine, S. Mitra, and M.A Vadeboncoeur.  2010.  Rapid, non-destructive carbon analysis of forest soils using neutron-induced gamma-ray spectroscopy. For. Ecol. Manag.  260(7): 1132-1137 PDF

Nezat, C.A., J.D. Blum, R.D. Yanai and S.P. Hamburg. 2007.  A sequential extraction to selectively dissolve apatite for determination of soil nutrient pools with an application to Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. Applied Geochemistry  22:  2406-2421 PDF

Siccama, T.G., S.P. Hamburg, M.A. Arthur, R.D. Yanai, F.H. Bormann, and G.E. Likens.  1994.  Corrections to allometric equations and plant tissue chemistry for Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest.  Ecology 75:246-248.  PDF

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Modeling (*indicates student contributor):

Yanai, R.D., N. Tokuchi, J.L. Campbell, M.B. Green, E. Matsuzaki, S.N. Laseter, C.L. Brown, A.S. Bailey, P. Lyons, C.R. Levine, D.C. Buso, G.E. Likens, J. Knoepp, K. Fukushima. Sources of uncertainty in estimating stream solute export from headwater catchments at three sites. Hydrological Processes. in press (Early View & Open Access). DOI: 10.1002/hyp.10265 Abstract | HTML | PDF

Vadeboncoeur, M.A., S.P. Hamburg , R.D. Yanai , J.D. Blum.  2014.  Rates of sustainable forest harvest depend on rotation length and weathering of soil minerals. Forest Ecology and Management 318: 194-205.  doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2014.01.012   PDF

Rastetter, E. B., R. D. Yanai, R. Q. Thomas, M. A. Vadeboncoeur, T. J. Fahey, M. C. Fisk, B. L. Kwiatkowski, and S. P. Hamburg. 2013. Recovery from disturbance requires resynchronization of ecosystem nutrient cycles. Ecological Applications 23:621-642. Journal Article link  PDF Appendix

Yanai, R.D., H. Majdi, and B.B. Park.  2003.  Measured and modeled nutrient concentrations in bulk and rhizosphere soil in a Norway spruce stand.  Plant and Soil 257:133-142.

Yanai, R.D. and D.M. Eissenstat. 2003. Coping with herbivores and pathogens: a model of optimal root turnover. Functional Ecology 16:865-869.  

Bouma, T.J., D.M. Eissenstat, R.D. Yanai, U. Hartmond, L. Wang, D. Flores, and A. Elkin.  2001.  Estimating age-dependent costs and benefits of roots with contrasting lifespan: comparing apples and oranges.  New Phytol. 150:685-695.  PDF

Muetzelfeldt, R. and R.D. Yanai.  1996.  Model transformation rules and model disaggregation.  Science of the Total Environment 183:25-31.  PDF

van Heerden, K. and R.D. Yanai.  1995.  Effects of stresses on forest growth in models applied to the Solling spruce site.  Ecological Modeling 83:273-282.  PDF

Yanai, R.D.  1994.  A steady-state model of nutrient uptake improved to account for newly-grown roots. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58:1562-1571. 

Weinstein, D.A. and R.D. Yanai.  1994.  Integrating the effects of simultaneous multiple stresses on plants using the simulation model TREGRO.  J. Environ. Qual. 23:418-428.  PDF

Weinstein, D.A., R.M. Beloin, and R.D. Yanai.  1991.  Modeling changes in red spruce carbon balance and allocation in response to interacting ozone and nutrient stress.  Tree Phys. 9:127-146. 

Weinstein, D.A., R.M. Beloin, R.D. Yanai, and C.G. Zollweg.  1992.  The Response of Plants to Interacting Stresses: TREGRO Version 1.74. Description and Parameter Requirements. Electric Power Research Institute TR-101061.

Weinstein, D.A., R.D. Yanai, C.W. Chen, and L.E. Gomez.  1991.  Models to assess the response of vegetation to global change.  Topical Report EN-7366.  Electric Power Research Institute.  PDF

Yanai, R.D., R.C. Santore, and C.G. Zollweg.  1998.  Using the soil model YASE alone or in combination with TREGRO. Model Description and User's Guide, Version 3.0.2. Electric Power Research Institute. PDF

Yanai, R.D., T.J. Fahey, and S.L. Miller.  1995.  Efficiency of nutrient acquisition by fine roots and mycorrhizae. In: Smith, W.K. and T.M. Hinckley, eds. Resource Physiology of Conifers, pp. 75-103. Academic Press, New York. 

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Forestry (*indicates student contributor):

Nash, J.M.*, M.A. Vadeboncoeur, G.G. McGee, C.W. Woodall, R.D. Yanai. Biomass accumulation in trees and downed wood in northern hardwood forests: repeated measures of a successional chronosequence in New Hampshire, USA. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, e-First  https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0060 | PDF

Yanai, R.D., A.R. Young, J.L. Campbell, J.A.Westfall, C.J. Barnett, G.A. Dillon, M.B. Green, and C.W. Woodall. Measurement error in a national forest inventory: results from the Northern Region of the USA. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 53(3): 163-177 DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2022-0062| PDF

Campbell, J.L., M.B. Green, R.D. Yanai, C. Woodall, S. Fraver, M. Harmon, M. Hatfield, C. Barnett, C. R. See, and G. Domke. 2018. Estimating uncertainty in the volume and carbon storage of downed coarse woody debris. Ecological Applications, 29(2):e01844.  Ecological Applications Volume 29 Issue 2 Journal Article link.  PDF

Wild, A.D.*, and R.D. Yanai.  2015. Soil Nutrients Affect Sweetness of Sugar Maple Sap.  For. Ecol.  Manag.  341: 30-36 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2014.12.022  PDF

Germain, R.H., R.D. Yanai, A.K. Mishler, Y. Yang* and B.B. Park*.  2015.  Landscape and Individual Tree Predictors of Dark Heart Size in Sugar Maple.  J. For 113(1): 20-29 DOI: 10.5849/jof.14-004  PDF

Vadeboncoeur, M.A., S.P. Hamburg , R.D. Yanai , J.D. Blum.  2014.  Rates of sustainable forest harvest depend on rotation length and weathering of soil minerals. Forest Ecology and Management 318: 194-205.  doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2014.01.012   PDF

Bohn, K.K., R.D. Nyland, and R.D. Yanai.  2011.  Comparing selection-system and diameter-limit cutting in uneven-aged northern hardwoods using computer simulation. Can. J. For. Res.  41(5): 963-973   CJFR Journal Article link  PDF

Ray, D.G., R.D. Yanai, R.D. Nyland, and T.R. McConnell. 2011. Canopy growing-space relationships in young even-aged Northern Hardwood stands.  Nor. J.  Appl. For.  28(1):  27-35  PDF

Fatemi, F.R.*, R.D. Yanai, S.P Hamburg, M.A. Vadeboncoeur, M.A. Arthur, R.D. Briggs and C.R. Levine.  2011. Allometric equations for young northern hardwoods: the importance of age-specific equations for estimating aboveground biomass.  Can. J. For. Res. 41: 881-891. CJFR Journal Article link   PDF

Yanai, R.D., R.H. Germain, N.M. Anderson, T.A. Coates, and A.K. Mishler.  2009. Heart size of sugar maple sawlogs across the northeastern United States.  Journal of Forestry 107(2):  95-100 

Homyak, P.M., R.D. Yanai, D.A. Burns, R.D. Briggs, and R.H. Germain. 2008. Nitrogen immobilization by wood chip application: protecting water quality in a northern hardwood forest.  Forest Ecology and Management 255: 2589-2601.  PDF

Wang, X., D.A. Burns, R.D. Yanai, R.D. Briggs, R.H. Germain. 2006. Changes in stream chemistry and nutrient export following a partial harvest in the Catskill Mountains, New York, USA. For. Ecol. Manag. 223:103-112. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.060 PDF

Yanai, R.D., D.G. Ray, and T.G. Siccama.  2004.  Lead reduction and redistribution in the  forest floor in New Hampshire northern hardwoods.  J. Environ. Qual. 33:141-148. PDF

Nyland, R.D, Ray, D.G., R.D. Yanai.  2004.  Height development of upper-canopy trees within even-aged Adirondack northern hardwood stands.  N. J. Appl. For. 21:117-122. PDF

Nyland, R.D., D.G. Ray, R.D. Yanai, R.D. Briggs, L. Zhang, R. Cymbala, and M.J. Twery.  2000.  Early cohort development following even-age reproduction method cuttings in New York northern hardwoods.  Can. J. For. Res. 30:67-75. PDF

Nyland, R.D., D.G. Ray, and R.D. Yanai.  1999.  Patterns of early cohort development following shelterwood cutting in three Adirondack northern hardwood stands.  Forest Ecol. Manag. 119:1-11. PDF

Yanai, R.D.  1998.  The effect of whole-tree harvest on phosphorus cycling in a northern hardwood forest. Forest Ecol. Manag. 104:281-295.

Yanai, R.D.  1992.  Competitive interactions between Norway Spruce and Scots Pine at Gisburn Forest, North England.  Forestry 65:435-451. 

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Forest Health (*indicates student contributor):

Germain, R.H., R.D. Yanai, A.K. Mishler, Y. Yang* and B.B. Park*.  2015.  Landscape and Individual Tree Predictors of Dark Heart Size in Sugar Maple.  J. For 113(1): 20-29 DOI: 10.5849/jof.14-004  PDF

Pitel, N.E.*, and R.D. Yanai. 2014. Abiotic and biotic factors influencing sugar maple health: soils, topography, climate and defoliation.  Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.  78:2061-2070.  DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2014.06.0240 PDF

Wood, D.M.*, R.D. Yanai, D. Parry, and N.E. Pitel.  2010.  Forest fragmentation and duration of forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hübner) outbreaks in northern hardwood forests.  For. Ecol. Manag. 260(7):1193-1197 Journal Article link

Wood, D.M.*, R.D. Yanai, D.C. Allen, and S. Wilmot.  2009.  Sugar maple decline following defoliation by  forest tent caterpillar. Journal of Forestry 107(1): 29-37  PDF

Roots (*indicates student contributor):

Li, S.*, M.C. Fisk, R.D Yanai, and T.J. Fahey. 2023. Co-limitation of root growth by nitrogen and phosphorus in early successional northern hardwood forests. Ecosystems, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-023-00869-7 | PDF

Nash, J.M.*, F.M. Diggs, and R.D. Yanai. 2022. Length and colonization rates of roots associated with arbuscular or ectomycorrhizal fungi decline differentially with depth in two northern hardwood forests. Mycorrhiza Mycorrhiza Journal Article link | PDF

Yanai, R.D., G.E. Walsh, Y. Yang*, C.A. Blodgett*, K. Bae*, and B.B. Park*. 2017. Nutrient concentrations of roots vary with diameter, depth, and site in New Hampshire northern hardwoods. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 48: 32-41. DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2017-0223.   PDF

Fahey, T.J., R.D. Yanai, K.E. Gonzales, and J.A. Lombardi. 2017. Sampling and processing roots from rocky forest soils. Ecosphere, 8(6) DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1863.Ecosphere Special Feature Uncertainty Analysis Journal Article link

Bae, K.*, T.J. Fahey, R.D. Yanai, and M.Fisk. 2015.  Soil Nitrogen Availability Affects Belowground Carbon Allocation and Soil Respiration in Northern Hardwood Forests of New Hampshire. Ecosystems 18: 1179-1191 Ecosystems Journal Article link  | PDF

Fisk, M.C. , R.D. Yanai, and N. Fierer.   2010.  A molecular approach to quantify root community composition in a northern hardwood forest: testing effects of root diameter and species.  Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40(4): 836-841 PDF

Park, B.B.* and R.D. Yanai.  2009.  Nutrient concentrations in roots, leaves and wood of seedling and mature sugar maple and American beech at two contrasting sites.  Forest Ecology and Management. 258 (7): 1153-1160 PDF  

Yanai, R.D., M.C. Fisk, T.J. Fahey, N.L. Cleavitt, and B.B. Park. 2008. Identifying roots of northern hardwood species: patterns with diameter and depth.  Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38(11):  2862-2869 

Park, B.B.*, R.D. Yanai, T.J. Fahey, T.G. Siccama, S.W. Bailey, J.B. Shanley, and N.L. Cleavitt. 2008. Fine root dynamics and forest production across a calcium gradient in northern hardwood and conifer ecosystems.  Ecosystems 11(2):325-341 PDF (as published) PDF (Figure 1 appended)

Vadeboncoeur, M.A., S.P. Hamburg, and R.D. Yanai. 2007. Validation and refinement of allometric equations for roots of northern hardwoods. Can. J. For. Res. 37: 1777-1783  PDF

Park, B.B.*, R.D. Yanai, M.A. Vadeboncoeur, and S.P. Hamburg.  2007. Estimating root biomass in rocky soils using pits, cores and allometric equations. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 71:206-213. PDF

Yanai, R.D., B.B. Park*, and S.P. Hamburg.  2006. The vertical and horizontal distribution of roots in northern hardwoods of varying age.  Can. J. For. Res. 36(2): 450-459.     PDF

Phillips, R.P.* and R.D. Yanai.  2004.  The effects of AlCl3 additions on rhizosphere soil and fine root chemistry of sugar maple (Acer saccharum).  Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 159: 339-356. PDF

Yanai, R.D. and D.M. Eissenstat. 2003. Coping with herbivores and pathogens: a model of optimal root turnover. Functional Ecology 16:865-869. 

Eissenstat, D.M. and R.D. Yanai.  2002.  Root lifespan, turnover and efficiency.  Pp. 221-238 in: Y. Waisel, A. Eshel, and U. Kafkafi (eds.). Plant Roots: The Hidden Half. 3rd Edition.  New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.  PDF

Bouma, T.J., D.M. Eissenstat, R.D. Yanai, U. Hartmond, L. Wang, D. Flores, and A. Elkin.  2001.  Estimating age-dependent costs and benefits of roots with contrasting lifespan: comparing apples and oranges.  New Phytol. 150:685-695.  PDF

Eissenstat, D.M., C. E. Wells, R.D. Yanai and J. L. Whitbeck.  2000.  Building roots in a changing environment: implications for root longevity.  New Phytol. 147:33-42. PDF

Eissenstat, D.M. and R.D. Yanai.  1997.  Ecology of root lifespan. Adv. Ecol. Res. 27:1-60.  PDF

Williams, M., and R.D. Yanai.  1996.  Multi-dimensional sensitivity analysis and ecological implications of a nutrient uptake model.  Plant and Soil 180:311-324.   PDF

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Nutrient Uptake (*indicates student contributor):

Yanai, R.D, K.J. McFarlane, M.S. Lucash, J.D. Joslin, and S.E. Kulpa.  2009.  Nutrient uptake by Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir at two Colorado subalpine forests.  Forest Ecology and Management  258(10):  2233-2241

Lucash, M.S.*, R.D. Yanai, and J.D. Joslin.  2008.  Nutrient uptake by intact and disturbed roots of loblolly pine seedlings. Environmental and Experimental Botany 64: 15-20 PDF

Lucash, M.S.*, D.M. Eissenstat, J.D. Joslin, K.J. McFarlane and R.D. Yanai. 2007.Estimating nutrient uptake by mature tree roots under field conditions: challenges and opportunities. Trees - Structure and Function 21(6):593-603. PDF

McFarlane, K.J.* and R.D. Yanai. 2006. Measuring nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by intact roots of mature Acer saccharum Marsh., Pinus resinosa Ait., and Picea abies (l.) Karst. Plant and Soil 279(1-2): 163-172.  DOI 10.1007/s11104-005-0838-2 PDF

Lucash, M.S.*, R.D. Yanai, and J.D. Joslin.  2005.  Temporal variation in nutrient uptake capacity by intact roots of mature loblolly pine.  Plant and Soil 272:253-262. PDF

Yanai, R.D., H. Majdi, and B.B. Park.  2003.  Measured and modeled nutrient concentrations in bulk and rhizosphere soil in a Norway spruce stand.  Plant and Soil 257:133-142.

Kelly, J.M. and R.D. Yanai.  1997.  Modeling nutrient uptake as a component of loblolly pine response to environmental stress. In: R.A. Mickler and S. Fox, eds. The Productivity and Sustainability of Southern Forest Ecosystems in a Changing Environment. Ecological Studies Volume 128, pp. 293-304. Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. Full Text (PDF)

Williams, M., and R.D. Yanai.  1996.  Multi-dimensional sensitivity analysis and ecological implications of a nutrient uptake model.  Plant and Soil 180:311-324.   PDF

Yanai, R.D., T.J. Fahey, and S.L. Miller.  1995.  Efficiency of nutrient acquisition by fine roots and mycorrhizae. In: Smith, W.K. and T.M. Hinckley, eds. Resource Physiology of Conifers, pp. 75-103. Academic Press, New York. 

Yanai, R.D.  1994.  A steady-state model of nutrient uptake improved to account for newly-grown roots. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58:1562-1571. 

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Forest Soils (*indicates student contributor):

Hong D.S.*, K.E. Gonzales, T.J. Fahey, and R.D. Yanai. 2022. Foliar nutrient concentrations of six northern hardwood species responded to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization but did not predict tree growth. PeerJ 10:e13193 PeerJ Life & Environment Journal Article link | PDF

Mobley, M.L., Y. Yang , R.D. Yanai, K. A. Nelson, A.R. Bacon, and D. D. Richter. 2018. How to estimate statistically detectable trends in a time series: A study of soil carbon and nutrient concentrations at the Calhoun Long-Term Soil-Ecosystem Experiment. Soil Science Society of America Journal, online.  PDF

Kang, H., T.J. Fahey, K. Bae*, M. Fisk, R.E. Sherman, R.D. Yanai, and C.R. See. 2015. Response of forest soil respiration to nutrient addition depends on site fertility. Biogeochemistry. DOI: 10.1007/s10533-015-0172-6 | PDF

Vadeboncoeur, M.A., S.P. Hamburg , R.D. Yanai , J.D. Blum.  2014.  Rates of sustainable forest harvest depend on rotation length and weathering of soil minerals. Forest Ecology and Management 318: 194-205.  doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2014.01.012   PDF

Fisk, M.C., T.J. Ratliff, Goswami, S., and R.D. Yanai. 2014. Synergistic soil response to nitrogen plus phosphorus fertilization in hardwood forests. Biogeochemistry  118(1-3): 195-204. DOI: 10.1007/s10533-013-9918-1  PDF

Vadeboncoeur  MA, SP Hamburg, JD Blum, MJ Pennino, RD Yanai, and CE Johnson.  2012.  The Quantitative Soil Pit Method for measuring belowground carbon and nitrogen Stocks.  Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J, 76(6):2241-2255  Soil Science Society of America Journal Article link  PDF

Levine, C.R.*, R.D. Yanai, M.A. Vadeboncoeur, S.P. Hamburg, A.M. Melvin, C.L. Goodale, B.M. Rau, and D.W. Johnson. 2012.  Assessing the suitability of using rotary corers for sampling cations in rocky soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal.  76 (5): 1707-1718   Soil Science Society of America Journal Article link  PDF

Lucash, M.S.*, R.D. Yanai, J.D. Blum and B.B. Park. 2012.  Foliar nutrient concentrations related to soil sources across a range of sites in the northeastern United States. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 76(2): 674-683. Forest, Range & Wildland Soils Volume 76 Issue 2 Journal Article link PDF

Blum, J.D., S.P. Hamburg, R.D. Yanai, M.A. Arthur.  2012. Determination of foliar Ca/Sr discrimination factors for six tree species in northern hardwood forests, New Hampshire, USA. Plant Soil 356(1): 303-314  Plant and Soil Journal Article link .  PDF

Wielopolski, L.,  R.D. Yanai, C.R. Levine, S. Mitra, and M.A Vadeboncoeur.  2010.  Rapid, non-destructive carbon analysis of forest soils using neutron-induced gamma-ray spectroscopy. For. Ecol. Manag.  260(7): 1132-1137 PDF

Nezat, C.A., J.D. Blum, R.D. Yanai, S.P. Hamburg, and B.B. Park. 2008. Mineral sources of calcium and phosphorus in soils of the northeastern USA.  Soil Science Society of America Journal 72(6): 1786-1794 PDF

Blum, J., A.A. Dasch, S.P. Hamburg, R.D.Yanai, and M.A. Arthur. 2008. Use of foliar Ca/Sr discrimination and 87Sr/86Sr ratios to determine soil Ca sources to sugar maple foliage in a northern hardwood forest.  Biogeochemistry 87(3):287-296  PDF  From SU/ESF: 

Nezat, C.A., J.D. Blum, R.D. Yanai and S.P. Hamburg. 2007.  A sequential extraction to selectively dissolve apatite for determination of soil nutrient pools with an application to Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. Applied Geochemistry  22:  2406-2421 PDF

Yanai, R.D., R.C. Santore, and C.G. Zollweg.  1998.  Using the soil model YASE alone or in combination with TREGRO. Model Description and User's Guide, Version 3.0.2. Electric Power Research Institute. PDF

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Forest Floor (*indicates student contributor):

Fisk, M.C., T.J. Ratliff, Goswami, S., and R.D. Yanai. 2014. Synergistic soil response to nitrogen plus phosphorus fertilization in hardwood forests. Biogeochemistry  118(1-3): 195-204. DOI: 10.1007/s10533-013-9918-1  PDF

Yanai, R.D., M.A. Vadeboncoeur, S.P. Hamburg, M.A. Arthur, M.A. Fuss, P.M.Groffman, T.G. Siccama, and C.T. Driscoll.  From Missing Source to Missing Sink: Long-Term Changes in a Forest Nitrogen Budget.  Environmental Science & Technology.   47(20): 11440-11448 Environmental Science & Technology article link

Yanai, R.D., R.P. Phillips, M.A. Arthur, T.G. Siccama, and E. Hane.  2005.  Spatial and temporal variation in calcium and aluminum in northern hardwood forest floors.  Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 160: 109-118. 

Yanai, R.D., D.G. Ray, and T.G. Siccama.  2004.  Lead reduction and redistribution in the  forest floor in New Hampshire northern hardwoods.  J. Environ. Qual. 33:141-148.

Currie, W. S., R. D. Yanai, K. Piatek, C. Prescott and C. L. Goodale.  2003.  Processes affecting carbon storage in the forest floor and in downed woody debris.  In:  J.M. Kimble et al., Eds., The Potential of U.S. Forest Soils to Sequester Carbon and Mitigate the Greenhouse Effect, pp. 135-157. Lewis, Boca Raton, FL. DOI: 10.1201/9781420032277.ch9 PDF

Yanai, R.D., S.V. Stehman, M.A. Arthur, C.E. Prescott, A.J. Friedland, T.G. Siccama, and D. Binkley.  2003.  Detecting change in forest floor carbon.  Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 67:1583-1593.  

Yanai, R.D., W.S. Currie, and C.L. Goodale.  2003.  Soil carbon dynamics following forest harvest:  an ecosystem paradigm reviewed.  Ecosystems 6:197-212.  PDF

Yanai, R.D., M.A. Arthur, T.G Siccama, and C.A. Federer.  2000.  Challenges of measuring forest floor organic matter dynamics: repeated measures from a chronosequence.  For. Ecol. Manage. 138:273-283. 

Arthur, M.A., and R.D. Yanai.  2000.  Distinguishing the effects of environmental stress and forest succession on changes in the forest floor.  Korean J. Ecol. 23:83-88. PDF

Yanai, R.D., T.G Siccama, M.A. Arthur, C.A. Federer, and A.J. Friedland.  1999.  Accumulation and depletion of base cations in forest floors in the northeastern US.  Ecology 80:2774-2787. 

Arthur, M. A., T.G. Siccama, and R.D. Yanai.  1999.  Calcium and magnesium in wood of six northern hardwood forest species: relations to site characteristics.  Can. J. For. Res. 29:339-346. PDF

Taylor, L. A., M.A. Arthur, and R.D. Yanai.  1999.  Forest floor microbial biomass across a northern hardwood successional sequence.  Soil Biol. Biochem. 31:431-439. PDF

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Mercury (*indicates student contributor):

Yanai, R.D., Y.  Yang*, A.D. Wild, K.T. Smith, and C.T. Driscoll. 2020. New Approaches to Understand Mercury in Trees: Radial and Longitudinal Patterns of Mercury in Tree Rings and Genetic Control of Mercury in Maple Sap. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 231(5): 248. Water, Air & Soil Pollution Journal Article link 

Howe H., N. Schoch, Y. Yang, R.D. Yanai, V.L. Buxton, D.C. Evers, C.T. Driscoll, K.E. Gonzales, and G.G. Lampman. 2020. Adirondack Loons: Have they benefitted from mercury emissions controls? Adirondack Center for Loon Conservation Science Summary Report 2020-1. Saranac Lake, NY. PDF

Yang, Y.*., R.D. Yanai, N. Schoch, V.L. Buxton, K.E. Gonzales, D.C. Evers, and G.G. Lampman. 2019. Determining optimal sampling strategies for monitoring mercury and reproductive success in common loons in the Adirondacks of New York. EcotoxicologyEcotoxicology Journal Article link 

Schoch, N., Y. Yang*, R.D. Yanai, V.L. Buxton, D.C. Evers, and C.T. Driscoll. 2019. Spatial patterns and temporal trends in mercury concentrations in common loons (Gavia immer) from 1998 to 2016 in New York's Adirondack Park: Has this top predator benefitted from mercury emission controls? EcotoxicologyEcotoxicology Journal Article |  PDF

Yang, Y.*, L. Meng, R.D. Yanai, M. Montesdeoca, P.H. Templer, H. Asbjornsen, L.E. Rustad, and C.T Driscoll. 2019. Climate change may alter mercury fluxes in northern hardwood forests. Biogeochemistry, 146:1-16.Biogeochemistry Journal article link 

Yang, Y.*, R.D. Yanai, C.T. Driscoll, M. Montesdeoca and K.T. Smith. 2018. Concentrations and content of mercury in bark, wood, and leaves in hardwoods and conifers in four forested sites in the northeastern USA. PLOS One, 13(4): e0196293.  Plos One Journal Article link 

Yang Y.*, R.D. Yanai, M. Montesdeoca and C.T. Driscoll.  2017. Measuring mercury in wood: challenging but important. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry,  456-67: DOI:10.1080/03067319.2017.1324852. 

Hydrology (*indicates student contributor):

Pu, G., J.L. Campbell, M.B. Green, J.L. Merriam, D. Zietlow, and R.D. Yanai. 2023. Uncertainty in stream water fluxes of solutes at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. Hydrological Processes, 37(8), e14961 doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14961 | PDF

Rice, A.M.*, Johnston, M.T., Libenson, A.J., and Yanai, R.D. 2022. Tree variability limits the detection of nutrient treatment effects on sap flux density in a northern hardwood forest. PeerJ, 10:e14410 Plant Biology Journal Article link PDF

Sahu, S.K., K.S. Bakar, J. Zhan, J.L. Campbell, and R.D. Yanai., 2020. Spatio-temporal Bayesian modeling of precipitation using rain gauge data from the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. Joint Statistical Meetings Proceedings, Statistical Computing Section. Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association. pp.77-92. PDF

See, C.R., M.B. Green, R.D. Yanai, A.S. Bailey, J.L. Campbell, and J. Hayward. 2020. Quantifying uncertainty in annual runoff due to missing data. PeerJ, 8:e9531.  Environmental Science Journal article link | PDF

Yanai, R.D., C.R. See, J. L. Campbell. 2018. Current practices in uncertainty analysis in ecosystem ecology.  Ecosystems, 21(5):971-981. Ecosystems Journal Article link

Aulenbach, B.T.,  D.A. Burns, J.B. Shanley, R.D. Yanai, K. Bae*A.D. Wild, Y. Yang*, and D. Yi. 2016. Approaches to stream solute load estimation for solutes with varying dynamics from five diverse small watersheds. 2016.  Ecosphere, 7(6) e01298.  Ecosphere Volume 7 Issue 6 Article link  |  PDF

Campbell, J.L., R.D. Yanai, M.B. Green, G.E. Likens, C.R. See, A.S. Bailey, D.C. Buso, and D. Yang*. 2016.  Uncertainty in the net hydrologic flux of calcium in a paired-watershed harvesting study. Ecosphere, 7(6): e01299. Ecosphere Volume 7 Issue 6 Journal Article link |  PDF

Yanai, R.D., N. Tokuchi, J.L. Campbell, M.B. Green, E. Matsuzaki, S.N. Laseter, C.L. Brown, A.S. Bailey, P. Lyons, C.R. Levine, D.C. Buso, G.E. Likens, J. Knoepp, K. Fukushima. Sources of uncertainty in estimating stream solute export from headwater catchments at three sites. 2015.  Hydrological Processes.  29:1793-1805 Hydrological Processes Volume 29 Issue 7 Article link

Soil Respiration

Kang, H., T.J. Fahey, K. Bae, M. Fisk, R.E. Sherman, R.D. Yanai, and C.R. See. 2015. Response of forest soil respiration to nutrient addition depends on site fertility. Biogeochemistry. DOI: 10.1007/s10533-015-0172-6 | PDF

Bae, K,*. T.J. Fahey, R.D. Yanai, and M.Fisk. 2015.  Soil Nitrogen Availability Affects Belowground Carbon Allocation and Soil Respiration in Northern Hardwood Forests of New Hampshire. Ecosystems 18: 1179-1191 DOI: 10.1007/s10021-015-9892-7  | PDF

Other (*indicates student contributor):

Yang Y.*, R.D. Yanai, M. Montesdeoca and C.T. Driscoll.  2017. Measuring mercury in wood: challenging but important. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry,  456-67: DOI:10.1080/03067319.2017.1324852.

Pitel, N.E.*, and R.D. Yanai. 2014. Abiotic and biotic factors influencing sugar maple health: soils, topography, climate and defoliation.  Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.  78:2061-2070.  PDF

Park, B.B.*, R.D. Yanai, J.M. Sahm, D.K. Lee and L.P. Abrahamson.  2005.  Wood ash effects on plant and soil in a willow bioenergy plantation. Biomass and Bioenergy.  28(4):355-365. PDF